{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:30:32Z","timestamp":1788849032155,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,23]],"date-time":"2018-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australian Dental Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to examine if specific micronutrients were associated with periodontal disease using data from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHANES<\/jats:styled-content>) from 2011 to 2014.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants who were aged 30 years or more and received complete periodontal examinations were included. Regression analyses were performed to determine associations of variables of interest with periodontal disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data of 6415 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHANES<\/jats:styled-content> participants were included in the analysis. Multivariable analysis revealed that less intake of vitamin A (adjusted odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content>) = 1.784), vitamin B1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.334), vitamin C (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.401), vitamin E (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.576), iron (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.234), folate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.254) and phosphorus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.280) was associated with increased severity of periodontal disease. Compared with the highest level of vitamin D intake, the second highest level of vitamin D intake was associated with lower severity of periodontal disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.727).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Insufficient intake of vitamin A, B1, C and E, iron, folate and phosphorus was significantly associated with severity of periodontal disease. Results of the present study suggest that the above micronutrients may be increased in the diet or taken as dietary supplements in order to reduce severity of periodontal disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]],"date-time":"2018-03-06T15:00:28Z","timestamp":1520348428000},"page":"193-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Periodontal disease severity is associated with micronutrient intake"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"P\u2010P","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u2010S","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Shanghai 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