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Legal guardians were interviewed to collect data on oral hygiene measures and dietary habits. Anthropometric measurements were performed for all participants, and blood samples were collected to assess complete blood count and body iron status. Patients were confirmed to have IDA based on haemoglobin level (Hb), red blood cells indices and body iron status. Caries experience was determined based on the number of decayed, missing and filled primary teeth using dmft index.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A statistically significant negative correlation between dmft index scores and haemoglobin level (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.454, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) level (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.380, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001) was detected, and in accordance there was a positive statistically significant correlation between caries experience and the presence of anaemia (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.60, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In early childhood, dental caries might coexist with IDA even in its mildest form. All children exhibiting severe early childhood caries should be investigated for IDA and anaemia should be managed if present.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,11]],"date-time":"2021-04-11T10:41:33Z","timestamp":1618137693000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Iron deficiency anaemia and early childhood caries: a cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"WE","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6222-3021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"RK","family":"Abou El Fadl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Faculty of Dentistry Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"},{"name":"MPH Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7826-8950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"RA","family":"Thabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Helmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Faculty of Dentistry Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"},{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health Charite\u0301 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SH","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology Egyptian Ministry of Health Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Oral health and dental care in Australia: key facts and figures 2015","author":"Chrisopoulos S","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Caries prevalence among 3\u20135 years old children in Khartoum State\u2010Sudan","volume":"3","author":"Awooda EM","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Health Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.17047.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Regional office for the eastern Mediterranean. 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