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The following injuries require root canal treatment as part of their emergency management\u2014(A) complicated crown fractures (but some may be suitable for conservative pulp treatments, such as pulp capping, partial pulpotomy or pulpotomy), (B) complicated crown\u2010root fractures, (C) supra\u2010crestal coronal third root fractures and (D) injuries where pulp necrosis is predictable or highly likely to occur <jats:styled-content>AND<\/jats:styled-content> where there has been damage to the root surface and\/or periodontal ligament with the aim of preventing external inflammatory resorption. This latter group of injuries are avulsion, intrusion, lateral luxation with a crown fracture, extrusion with a crown fracture (all in fully developed teeth) plus avulsion with a crown fracture and intrusion with a crown fracture (both in incompletely developed teeth). 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