{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T20:01:26Z","timestamp":1783713686615,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australian Dental Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated the prevalence and morphology of C\u2010shaped and non\u2010C\u2010shaped root canal systems in permanent mandibular first (PM1) and second (PM2) premolars using retrospective analysis of cone\u2010beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, and panoramic radiographs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>CBCT scans from 2000 patients were screened for the presence of premolars with C\u2010shaped canals and then assessed at three axial levels to determine the canal classification. The teeth were also assessed for Vertucci configuration, number of roots, and radicular grooves. Pre\u2010existing panoramic radiographs were evaluated to identify features specific to PM1\/2 with multiple canals or C\u2010shaped anatomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1576 PM1 and 1424 PM2 from 880 patients were evaluated. The overall prevalence of C\u2010shaped canals was 2.2% (3.3% PM1, 1.0% PM2), with 49 (5.6%) patients presenting with at least one C\u2010shaped mandibular premolar. There were 2.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 and 2.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5 different classifiable cross\u2010sections per tooth for PM1 and PM2, respectively. The sudden disappearance or bifurcation of a canal on panoramic radiographs was associated with the presence of multiple canals (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) or C\u2010shaped anatomy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was substantial variation in cross\u2010sectional anatomy within and between C\u2010shaped premolars, which will affect endodontic treatment planning. \u00a9 2023 Australian Dental Association.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T12:33:55Z","timestamp":1700138035000},"page":"112-123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prevalence and morphology of different root canal systems in mandibular premolars: a cross\u2010sectional observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"O","family":"Rae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7191-0560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P","family":"Parashos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria 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