{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T15:08:36Z","timestamp":1788534516687,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The internal topography of the root canal is complex, especially for the mesial root of the permanent first molar. In response to such challenges, enhanced irrigation protocols have been developed, using laser pulses to agitate fluids and enhance the removal of microbial deposits. The aim of this laboratory study was to assess the effectiveness of laser agitation of sodium hypochlorite in removing multispecies biofilms grown in the mesial root of the permanent first molars. The five agitation groups (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a012 roots for each) were: 940\u2009nm diode laser (superpulsed mode, 50\u2009\u03bcs\/pulses at 20\u2009Hz using 20\u2009mJ\/pulse); 1064\u2009nm Nd: YAG laser (200\u2009\u03bcs\/pulse at 20\u2009Hz using 20\u2009mJ\/pulse); 2940\u2009nm Er: YAG laser (50\u2009\u03bcs\/pulse at 15\u2009Hz using a 400\/14 conical tip in the SWEEPS protocol, with 20\u2009mJ\/pulse); passive ultrasonic agitation at 28\u2009kHz (positive control); and irrigation with a 27\u2010gauge side vented needle for 2\u2009min per canal (negative control). Biofilm removal was assessed by confocal microscopic imaging of root slices at 1, 4 and 7\u2009mm from the root apex. None of the tested methods were effective in completely eradicating biofilm from the most confined regions of the root canal system. The greatest challenge was cleaning the isthmus regions. There was a positive correlation between canal cleaning and isthmus cleaning, suggesting that increased effectiveness in cleaning root canal walls is associated with more effective isthmus cleaning. Wider and narrow isthmuses were cleaned better than long and narrow isthmuses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.12646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T07:58:41Z","timestamp":1656575921000},"page":"56-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Root canal cleaning in roots with complex canals using agitated irrigation fluids"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Kiran","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry The University of Queensland  Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6877-3382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu\u2010Yao","family":"Teoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry The University of Queensland  Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5874-5687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence J.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry The University of Queensland  Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(87)80089-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2009.05.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2107-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.08.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(84)90085-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.1995.tb00132.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2011.01963.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.08.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2001.00373.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-1546.2012.00284.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1993.tb00766.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2010.01823.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8421656"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-010-0858-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De MoorRJG MeireMA VerdaasdonkRM.The power of the bubble: comparing ultrasonic and laser activated irrigation. 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