{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:17:56Z","timestamp":1791832676438,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the biological response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to zinc polycarboxylate (ZP) cement modified with 5% or 10% potassium nitrate (KNO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and assessed its mechanical properties. Discs of unmodified ZP, ZP\u2009+\u20095% KNO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , ZP\u2009+\u200910% KNO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) were indirectly exposed to PBMCs using a transwell system. Cells were incubated with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Cytotoxicity (LDH release), viability, IL\u20106 and TGF\u2010\u03b2 secretion were evaluated. Material pH, ion release, compressive strength and microhardness were also assessed. ZP\u2009+\u20095% KNO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    significantly reduced LDH and IL\u20106 levels and increased TGF\u2010\u03b2 release compared to ZP alone. Mechanical strength was maintained in ZP\u2009+\u20095% KNO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    but decreased at 10% KNO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    . MTA showed lower strength but higher cell viability. ZP\u2009+\u20095% KNO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    demonstrated a balanced profile of immunomodulation, regenerative signalling and mechanical integrity, supporting its potential use in vital pulp therapy. Further in\u00a0vivo investigations are recommended.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.70022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T11:50:44Z","timestamp":1758801044000},"page":"59-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cellular and Mechanical Responses to Zinc Polycarboxylate Cement Modified With 5% or 10% Potassium Nitrate: An In\u00a0Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Fatimah","family":"Dahlawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fellowship in Endodontics Program, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"AlGharni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fellowship in Endodontics Program, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa","family":"Madi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1862-2938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neveen M.","family":"Ayad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Alonizan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Aldossary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Medicine Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2610-1294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22271\/oral.2022.v8.i3d.1607"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2550-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Tissue Response of Dental Pulp in Dogs Following Direct Capping With Potassium Nitrate in Polycarboxylate Cement","volume":"10","author":"Borissov I.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(83)90197-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Dynamics of Potassium and Nitrate Ions Release From Polycarboxylate Cement With 5% KNO3","volume":"42","author":"Tsanova S. 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