{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:55:44Z","timestamp":1790636144123,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study evaluated and compared the accuracy, consistency, readability, and information quality of three LLM\u2010based chatbots, namely ChatGPT\u20105, Claude AI (Sonnet 4.0), and Perplexity (Mistral Large 2), in addressing traumatic dental injury questions. Forty true\/false statements were submitted to each chatbot three times at weekly intervals to assess accuracy and consistency. Additionally, chatbot responses for 25 open\u2010ended case\u2010based questions were evaluated for readability, understandability and actionability, information reliability and quality. For true\/false questions, Perplexity showed the highest accuracy, followed by Claude and ChatGPT. For open\u2010ended responses, ChatGPT excelled in readability (FRE: 62.4\u2009\u00b1\u20097.6), Perplexity in understandability (91.0\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3) and actionability (93.0\u2009\u00b1\u20096.4) and Claude in information reliability (mDISCERN total: 61.2; no variability observed). All chatbots achieved acceptable global quality scores (&gt;\u20094.4). These findings emphasise the complementary role of chatbots in dental trauma management. Tool selection should be based on intended use, while continued human oversight remains essential in clinical decision\u2010making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.70055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T07:34:54Z","timestamp":1767944094000},"page":"356-363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of Large Language Model\u2010Based Chatbots for Dental Trauma Management: A Comparative Study Based on Accuracy, Consistency and Information Quality"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1622-2698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasfiye","family":"Isik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpa\u015fa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2688-0207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rana Ikbal","family":"Sengul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpa\u015fa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1272-5581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soner","family":"Sismanoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpa\u015fa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12389"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.13004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12965"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06105-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.13000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.13020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0094"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13030414"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.13078"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.13042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.13041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12574"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12578"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12573"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12576"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-024-10739-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0057532"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. P.Kincaid R. P.Fishburne R. L.Rogers andB. S.Chissom \u201cDerivation of New Readability Formulas (Automated Readability Index Fog Count and Flesch Reading Ease Formula) for Navy Enlisted Personnel \u201d Chief of Naval Technical Training Naval Air Station Memphis. Report No. RBR\u20108\u201075 1975.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA006655"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2021.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.13063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/fhj.2021-0095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"Dental Trauma Guide \u201cDental Treatment Guidelines for Primary and Permanent Teeth \u201d 2025 https:\/\/dentaltraumaguide.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","volume-title":"Health Literacy: A Manual for Clinicians","author":"Weiss B. 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