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SCAP viability (Live\/Dead) and metabolic activity (Alamar Blue) were assessed, along with antibiofilm and intratubular disinfection against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , after irrigation with EDTA or EDTAd delivered by conventional irrigation (CI), ultrasonic activation (UA) or diode laser activation (LA). Dentine alterations were analysed by Fourier\u2010transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). EDTA preserved higher SCAP metabolic activity, particularly at early time points (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), while cytotoxicity did not differ among groups. Antibiofilm and intratubular antimicrobial effects were similar across irrigants and activation methods (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). EDTAd caused greater alterations in the amide III\/phosphate ratio (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), with increased smear\u2010layer removal and surface irregularities. EDTA showed greater biological compatibility and fewer dentine alterations, whereas EDTAd induced more pronounced structural changes without antimicrobial differences.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.70076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T02:14:49Z","timestamp":1775700889000},"page":"507-517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of EDTA Formulations and Activation Methods on Stem Cell Response, Antimicrobial Activity and Dentine Integrity: An In\u00a0Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0751-6988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Letycia Accioly Sim\u00f5es","family":"Coelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bauru School of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Bauru S\u00e3o Paulo 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School of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Bauru S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4711-3841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirela Cesar","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bauru School of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Bauru S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4372-0158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Talita","family":"Tartari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Piracicaba Dental School State University of Campinas  Piracicaba S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1238-2160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flaviana Bombarda","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bauru School of Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Bauru S\u00e3o 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