{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T06:59:20Z","timestamp":1785567560189,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Endodontic J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Methanogenic archaea facilitate metabolic activities of anaerobic bacteria, thereby amplifying infection dynamics. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of methanogenic archaea in necrotic root canals before and after irrigation, involving 81 patients with apical periodontitis. Pre\u2010irrigation intracanal samples represented native microbial status. Positive samples were subjected to second\u2010sample collection and allocated into Group I\u2010control with saline and Group II\u20103% Sodium hypochlorite, Group III\u20105.25% Sodium hypochlorite, each followed by saline and ethylenediaminetetra\u2010acetic acid. Samples underwent deoxyribonucleic acid extraction and real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction. Among the 81 samples, 48.1% were positive for methanogenic archaea. Post\u2010irrigation analysis showed no reduction in Group I; however, Groups II and III demonstrated samples below the detection threshold, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The study confirmed the presence of methanogenic archaea in necrotic root canals, and conventional irrigation protocols were effective against methanogenic archaea.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T06:42:41Z","timestamp":1785566561000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Presence of Methanogenic Archaea in Necrotic Root Canal Teeth Before and After Root Canal Instrumentation\u2014An In\u00a0Vivo Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3452-2231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kavuda Mallika","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Malla Reddy Vishwavidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7857-183X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swathi","family":"Aravelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Malla Reddy Vishwavidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7393-7545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uday Kumar","family":"Podugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Malla Reddy Vishwavidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7978-348X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sivaram","family":"Penigalapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Malla Reddy Vishwavidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8947-4039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nimeshika","family":"Ramachandruni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Malla Reddy Vishwavidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5826-5410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kasam","family":"Swetha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Malla Reddy Vishwavidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.12797","article-title":"Presence of Methanogenic Archaea in Necrotic Root Canals of Patients With or Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"49","author":"Soza\u2010Bola\u00f1os A. I.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Australian Endodontic Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520910435","article-title":"The Oral Archaeome: A Scoping Review","volume":"99","author":"Belmok A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46835-0","article-title":"Phylogenetic Analysis of Bacterial and Archaeal Species in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Endodontic Infections","volume":"56","author":"Vickerman M. M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.4.1274-1282.2006","article-title":"Identification and Quantification of Archaea Involved in Primary Endodontic Infections","volume":"44","author":"Vianna M. E.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2009.01639.x","article-title":"Preliminary Study of the Presence and Association of Bacteria and Archaea in Teeth With Apical Periodontitis","volume":"42","author":"Jiang Y. T.","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Endodontic Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1097\/01.don.0000155224.00781.6c","article-title":"Searching for Archaea in Infections of Endodontic Origin","volume":"31","author":"Siqueira J. F.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Endodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2008.01304.x","article-title":"Distribution of Archaea in Japanese Patients With Periodontitis and Humoral Immune Response to the Com Ponents","volume":"287","author":"Yamabe K.","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2015.51358","article-title":"Archaea Prevalence in Inflamed Pulp Tissues","volume":"40","author":"Efenberger M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Central European Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.02.008","article-title":"Relationship Between Methanogenic Archaea and Subgingival Microbial Complexes in Human Periodontitis","volume":"35","author":"Horz H. 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W.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2011.01347.x","article-title":"Prevalence and Microbiological Diversity of Archaea in Peri\u2010Implantitis Subjects by 16S Ribosomal RNA Clonal Analysis","volume":"46","author":"Faveri M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontal Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2023.07.025","article-title":"Unraveling the Endodontic Archaeome: A Systematic Review With Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"49","author":"Cena J. 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