{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:04:51Z","timestamp":1789448691242,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust Endodontic J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study investigated the irrigation dynamics of the TruNatomy irrigation needle in a minimally shaped root canal using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The root canal geometry of an extracted maxillary first molar was reconstructed via micro\u2010Computed Tomography (CT) scan, and the needle dimensions were obtained through stereomicroscopic analysis for Computer\u2010Aided Design (CAD) modelling. The needle was virtually placed 1\u2009mm short of the working length, and a prevalidated CFD model simulated the irrigation process. Irrigant penetration was confined to the needle tip, with a maximum velocity of 4.6\u2009m\/s. Wall shear stress of 340\u2009Pa exceeded the threshold for effective debridement, and an apical pressure of 8.4\u2009kPa was recorded at the apical wall. The TruNatomy needle produced uniform, low\u2010magnitude wall shear stress along the lateral vent\u2010facing canal walls, with limited apical irrigant exchange.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.70120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T04:57:01Z","timestamp":1789448221000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Irrigation Dynamics of the\n                    <scp>TruNatomy<\/scp>\n                    Needle in a Minimally Prepared Root Canal: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6297-0991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selventhra","family":"Savitha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4941-7053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7215-8905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sidhartha","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5809-2647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amrita","family":"Chawla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Logani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-1546.2005.00135.x","article-title":"Eradication of Endodontic Infection by Instrumentation and Irrigation Solutions","volume":"10","author":"Haapasalo M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endodontic Topics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200401000-00001","article-title":"The Outcome of Endodontic Retreatment: A 2\u2010Yr Follow\u2010Up","volume":"30","author":"Gorni F. G.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Endodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-1546.2011.00254.x","article-title":"Disinfection of the Root Canal System During Root Canal Re\u2010Treatment","volume":"19","author":"Zehnder M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endodontic Topics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2020.03.017","article-title":"Cleaning, Shaping, and Disinfecting Abilities of 2 Instrument Systems as Evaluated by a Correlative Micro\u2010Computed Tomographic and Histobacteriologic Approach","volume":"46","author":"P\u00e9rez A. R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Endodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.11.012","article-title":"Root Canal Shaping Effect of Instruments With Offset Mass of Rotation in the Mandibular First Molar: A Micro\u2010Computed Tomographic Study","volume":"44","author":"Kyaw Moe M. M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Endodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.12237","article-title":"Untouched Canal Areas and Debris Accumulation After Root Canal Preparation With Rotary and Adaptive Systems","volume":"44","author":"Lopes R. M. V.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Australian Endodontic Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13739","article-title":"Present Status and Future Directions: Irrigants and Irrigation Methods","volume":"55","author":"Boutsioukis C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Endodontic Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2009.06.018","article-title":"Development and Validation of a Three\u2010Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Model of Root Canal Irrigation","volume":"35","author":"Gao Y.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Endodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2008.01503.x","article-title":"Irrigant Flow Within a Prepared Root Canal Using Various Flow Rates: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study","volume":"42","author":"Boutsioukis C.","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Endodontic Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2009.12.026","article-title":"Evaluation of Irrigant Flow in the Root Canal Using Different Needle Types by an Unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics Model","volume":"36","author":"Boutsioukis C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Endodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.06.023","article-title":"The Effect of Needle\u2010Insertion Depth on the Irrigant Flow in the Root Canal: Evaluation Using an Unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics Model","volume":"36","author":"Boutsioukis C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Endodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2010.01767.x","article-title":"The Effect of Root Canal Taper on the Irrigant Flow: Evaluation Using an Unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics Model","volume":"43","author":"Boutsioukis C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Endodontic Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2012.53.470","article-title":"Irrigation of Human Prepared Root Canal \u2013 Ex vivo Based Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis","volume":"53","author":"\u0160njari\u0107 D.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Croatian Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.02.002","article-title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Needle Position on Irrigant Flow in the C\u2010Shaped Root Canal Using a Computational Fluid Dynamics Model","volume":"41","author":"Wang R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Endodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.4103\/jcd.jcd_651_20","article-title":"Assessment of Irrigant Flow and Apical Pressure in Simulated Canals of Single\u2010Rooted Teeth With Different Root Canal Tapers and Apical Preparation Sizes: An Ex vivo Study","volume":"24","author":"Sujith I. L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry: JCD"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"544","article-title":"Flow Characteristics of Positive and Negative Pressure Irrigation in an Immature Tooth: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study","volume":"26","author":"Savitha S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2021.06.001","article-title":"Syringe Irrigation in Minimally Shaped Root Canals Using 3 Endodontic Needles: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study","volume":"47","author":"Boutsioukis C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Endodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.07.006","article-title":"Effects of the Irrigation Needle Design on Root Canal Disinfection and Cleaning","volume":"50","author":"Baasch A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Endodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.07.008","article-title":"Efficacy of Different Irrigation Needles and Ultrasonic Activation on Calcium Hydroxide Removal: A Micro\u2010CT Study Using 3D\u2010Printed Endodontic Models","volume":"50","author":"Yoo Y. J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Endodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13260","article-title":"Positive and Negative Pressure Irrigation in Oval Root Canals With Apical Ramifications: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Evaluation in Micro\u2010CT Scanned Real Teeth","volume":"53","author":"Loro\u00f1o G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Endodontic Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","volume-title":"TruNatomy Endodontic System[Product Brochure]","author":"Dentsply Sirona","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-024-00940-2","article-title":"Irrigant Dynamics of a Back\u2010To\u2010Back Double Side\u2010Vented Needle in Root Canals With Various Tapers: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study","volume":"112","author":"Singh S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Odontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02205-2","article-title":"Influence of Needle Working Length and Root Canal Curvature on Irrigation: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis Based on a Real Tooth","volume":"22","author":"Zhou N.","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.12.004","article-title":"Apical Pressure and Extent of Irrigant Flow Beyond the Needle Tip During Positive\u2010Pressure Irrigation in an in Vitro Root Canal Model","volume":"39","author":"Park E.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Endodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.04.009","article-title":"Assessment of Apical Extrusion During Root Canal Irrigation With the Novel GentleWave System in a Simulated Apical Environment","volume":"42","author":"Charara K.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Endodontics"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13710","article-title":"A Critical Analysis of Research Methods and Experimental Models to Study Irrigants and Irrigation Systems","volume":"55","author":"Boutsioukis C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Endodontic Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","volume-title":"Apical Pressure and Extrusion Generated by Various Endodontic Irrigation Delivery Systems [Thesis]","author":"Kwon H.","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["Australian Endodontic Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aej.70120","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aej.70120","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aej.70120","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T04:57:07Z","timestamp":1789448227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aej.70120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aej.70120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aej.70120","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1329-1947","1747-4477"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1329-1947","type":"print"},{"value":"1747-4477","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"aej.70120"}}