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Five models were tested across 48 standardised scenarios under label\u2010only and structured\u2010framework conditions. Two independent endodontists, blinded to model identity, explicit stage labels and each other's ratings, scored 480 responses. The Clinical Appropriateness Score, a study\u2010specific expert\u2010rated measure on a 0\u2013100 scale, increased from 75.0 to 80.6 after framework provision. Strict concordance with the expert\u2010preferred group rose from 24.6% to 37.9%, but this gain was concentrated among responses containing prohibited proprietary names, which increased from 14.2% to 40.8%. Overall, 5.2% of responses were non\u2010acceptable and the reduction from 7.1% to 3.3% was not statistically significant. Structured prompting improved recommendation quality, but did not produce a detectable concordance gain among terminology\u2010compliant responses. Expert oversight remains essential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.70129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:40:51Z","timestamp":1791002451000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Large Language Models for\n                    <scp>NiTi<\/scp>\n                    File\u2010Group Selection in Endodontics: A Two\u2010Stage Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8319-6974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damla","family":"Erkal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University  Burdur Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4953-3772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunus Emre","family":"\u00c7akmak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University  Burdur Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0667-4909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00fcr\u015fat","family":"Er","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Akdeniz University  Antalya Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06291-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2792","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.111780","article-title":"Large Language Models in Medicine: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions","volume":"22","author":"Yu E.","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2025.102323","article-title":"Large Language Model as Clinical Decision Support System Augments Medication Safety in 16 Clinical Specialties","volume":"6","author":"Chiat Ling Ong J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Reports Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.13046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/51580"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2025.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2025.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.14217"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.100920"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.70040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-025-07896-z","article-title":"Evaluating Large Language Models Using National Endodontic Specialty Examination Questions: Are They Ready for Real\u2010World Dentistry?","volume":"25","author":"\u00c7eki\u00e7 E. 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