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Various Tg technologies, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, are available for generating Tg animals. These include zygote microinjection, electroporation, viral infection, embryonic stem cell or spermatogonial stem cell\u2010mediated production of Tg animals, sperm\u2010mediated gene transfer (SMGT), and testis\u2010mediated gene transfer (TMGT). However, there are currently no comprehensive studies comparing SMGT and TMGT methods, selecting appropriate gene delivery carriers (such as nanoparticles and liposomes), and determining the optimal route for gene delivery (SMGT and TMGT) for producing Tg animal. Here we aim to provide a comprehensive assessment comparing SMGT and TMGT methods, and to introduce the best carriers and gene transfer methods to sperm and testis to generate Tg animals in different species. From 2010 to 2022, 47 studies on SMGT and 25 studies on TMGT have been conducted. Mice and rats were the most commonly used species in SMGT and TMGT. Regarding the SMGT approach, nanoparticles, streptolysin\u2010O, and virus packaging were found to be the best gene transfer methods for generating Tg mice. In the TMGT method, the best gene transfer methods for generating Tg mice and rats were virus packaging, dimethyl sulfoxide, electroporation, and liposome. Our study has shown that the efficiency of producing Tg animals varies depending on the species, gene carrier, and method of gene transfer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/age.13404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T04:40:12Z","timestamp":1708058412000},"page":"328-343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparison of two methods of sperm\u2010 and testis\u2010mediated gene transfer in production of transgenic animals: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Dehghan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gholamhossein","family":"Darya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shayesteh","family":"Mehdinejadiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8007-9446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amin","family":"Derakhshanfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2015.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Sperm mediated gene transfer in mammals; 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