{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:25:53Z","timestamp":1753878353671,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Genetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred years ago, the first book with the phrase \u201cAnimal Genetics\u201d in its title was published. It was written by F.A.E. Crew, then Lecturer in Genetics and foundation Director of the Department of Research in Animal Breeding at the University of Edinburgh. The 352 pages of text provide a most interesting summary of the knowledge of animal genetics at that time. It is impressive to see the extent to which the understanding of genetics had developed in just a couple of decades since the rediscovery of Mendelism. There was, for example, recognition that genes are borne on chromosomes; that XX\/XY sex determination provides a very satisfactory explanation for most of the relevant evidence; that sex\u2010linked inheritance has a practical application; that variation in quantitative traits is determined by the combined action of many genes and many non\u2010genetic factors; that inbreeding results in substantial decreases in fecundity and fertility due to homozygosity for undesirable alleles; that crossing between lines or breeds gives rise to hybrid vigour (heterosis); and that many disorders are inherited in a Mendelian fashion, and hence can be controlled by informed breeding. There is, however, no mention of Fisher's 1918 paper nor of Wright's recently published inbreeding coefficient and coefficient of relationship. Crew's book inspired the next generation of geneticists, such as Fred Hutt, who travelled from Canada to Edinburgh to do a PhD with Crew, and who later published his own very influential book with the same title, which was dedicated to Crew.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/age.70017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T07:59:27Z","timestamp":1747382367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Animal genetics 100\u2009years ago"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9178-3965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank W.","family":"Nicholas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_25_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03548188"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_3_1","first-page":"667","article-title":"Mostly animal genetics","volume":"116","author":"Anon","year":"1925","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/126074a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_5_1","unstructured":"Anon. (2014)Animal genetics. Available from:https:\/\/ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk\/index.php?title=Animal_Genetics[Accessed 5 April 2025]"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_6_1","unstructured":"Anon. (2015)Edinburgh's first geneticist: Arthur Darbishire (1879\u20131915). Available from:https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/untoldstories\/2015\/02\/10\/edinburghs\u2010first\u2010geneticist\u2010arthur\u2010darbishire\u20101879\u20101915\/[Accessed 5 April 2025]"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_7_1","unstructured":"Anon. (2017)Francis Albert Eley Crew (1886\u20131973). Available from:https:\/\/ourhistory.is.ed.ac.uk\/index.php?title=Francis_Albert_Eley_Crew_(1886\u20101973)[Accessed 5 April 2025]"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_8_1","unstructured":"Anon. (n.d.)Records of the Rural Development Commission and predecessors. Available from:https:\/\/discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/details\/r\/C72[Accessed 5 April 2025]"},{"volume-title":"The autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809\u20131882","year":"1958","author":"Barlow N.","key":"e_1_2_25_9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_10_1","unstructured":"Bloom S.E. Scott M.L.&Cole R.K.(1991)Frederick Bruce Hutt: August 20 1897\u2013September 6 1991. Available from:https:\/\/ecommons.cornell.edu\/items\/437436c1\u201024c4\u2010477f\u2010aaef\u20109131687821db[Accessed 5 April 2025]"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10739\u2010017\u20109500\u20100"},{"volume-title":"Genetics and eugenics: a text\u2010book for students of biology and a reference book for animal and plant breeders","year":"1924","author":"Castle W.E.","key":"e_1_2_25_12_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.62.1616.567.b"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_14_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Studies on inheritance in guinea\u2010pigs and rats","author":"Castle W.E.","year":"1916"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024\u201026035"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_16_1","unstructured":"Crew F.A.E.(1921)A contribution to the study of sex\u2010determination in the anura. DSc thesis University of Edinburgh. Available from:https:\/\/discovered.ed.ac.uk\/discovery\/fulldisplay?docid=alma9924616441902466&context=L&vid=44UOE_INST:44UOE_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=UoE&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=Everything&query=creator contains Crew&pfilter=rtype exact dissertations&offset=0[Accessed 5 April 2025]"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_17_1","unstructured":"Crew F.A.E.(1923)The significance of an achondroplasia\u2010like condition met with in cattle. PhD thesis University of Edinburgh. Available from:https:\/\/discovered.ed.ac.uk\/discovery\/fulldisplay?docid=alma9924138184202466&context=L&vid=44UOE_INST:44UOE_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=UoE&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=Everything&query=any contains achondroplasia[Accessed 5 April 2025]"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01961532"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/144496a0"},{"volume-title":"The foundations of genetics","year":"1966","author":"Crew F.A.E.","key":"e_1_2_25_20_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071666908415785"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071667108415884"},{"volume-title":"History of the second world war. The army medical services. Administration. Vol. I","year":"1953","author":"Crew F.A.E.","key":"e_1_2_25_23_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_24_1","unstructured":"Crew F.A.E. (Ed.) (1955)History of the second world war. The army medical services. Administration.Vol. II. London: H.M.S.O."},{"key":"e_1_2_25_25_1","unstructured":"Crew F.A.E. (Ed.) (1956)History of the second world war. The army medical services. Campaigns. Vol. I: France and Belgium 1939\u201340 Norway Battle of Britain Libya 1940\u201342 East Africa Greece 1941 Crete Iraq Syria Persia Madagascar Malta.London: H.M.S.O."},{"volume-title":"History of the second world war. The army medical services. Campaigns. Vol. II: Hong Kong, Malaya, Iceland and the Faroes, Libya, 1942\u201343, North\u2010West Africa","year":"1957","author":"Crew F.A.E.","key":"e_1_2_25_26_1"},{"volume-title":"History of the second world war. The army medical services. Campaigns. Vol. III: Sicily, Italy, Greece (1944\u201345)","year":"1959","author":"Crew F.A.E.","key":"e_1_2_25_27_1"},{"volume-title":"History of the second world war. The army medical services. Campaigns. Vol. IV: North\u2010West Europe","year":"1962","author":"Crew F.A.E.","key":"e_1_2_25_28_1"},{"volume-title":"History of the second world war. The army medical services. Campaigns. Vol. V: Burma","year":"1966","author":"Crew F.A.E.","key":"e_1_2_25_29_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.116615"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010025\u201008891\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0080456800012163"},{"volume-title":"Statistical methods for research workers","year":"1925","author":"Fisher R.A.","key":"e_1_2_25_33_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20870\/productions\u2010animales.2016.29.5.2998"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010024\u201001942\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbm.1974.0005"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_37_1","unstructured":"Hutt F.B.(1929)The genetics of frizzling in fowls. PhD thesis University of Edinburgh. Available from:https:\/\/discovered.ed.ac.uk\/discovery\/fulldisplay?docid=alma9924615148502466&context=L&vid=44UOE_INST:44UOE_VU2&lang=en&search_scope=UoE&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=Everything&query=any contains frizzling[Accessed 5 April 2025]"},{"volume-title":"Animal genetics","year":"1964","author":"Hutt F.B.","key":"e_1_2_25_38_1"},{"volume-title":"Animal genetics","year":"1984","author":"Hutt F.B.","key":"e_1_2_25_39_1"},{"volume-title":"Genetics in plant and animal improvement","year":"1925","author":"Jones D.F.","key":"e_1_2_25_40_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.35.907.784"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.35.907.784"},{"volume-title":"Animal breeding plans","year":"1937","author":"Lush J.L.","key":"e_1_2_25_43_1"},{"volume-title":"Understanding genetics and complete genetic disease and trait definition","year":"2016","author":"McClure M.C.","key":"e_1_2_25_44_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP285028"},{"volume-title":"Mendelism","year":"1905","author":"Punnett R.C.","key":"e_1_2_25_46_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_47_1","first-page":"386","article-title":"The Anstee hub for inherited diseases of animals (AHIDA) \u2013 development of a new online platform for surveillance, reporting and control of inherited diseases in animals","volume":"24","author":"Tammen I.","year":"1921","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics"},{"volume-title":"Animal breeding","year":"1925","author":"Winters L.M.","key":"e_1_2_25_48_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111784"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111845"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111864"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111660"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111662"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111676"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111694"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111880"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111902"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111923"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111952"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/3.4.367"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.6.6.320"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/6.2.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/6.2.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/6.2.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/6.2.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/6.2.167"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/279872"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a102354"},{"key":"e_1_2_25_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a102373"}],"container-title":["Animal Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/age.70017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T02:53:30Z","timestamp":1750647210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/age.70017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/age.70017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/age.70017","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-9146","1365-2052"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0268-9146"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1365-2052"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70017"}}