{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:23:35Z","timestamp":1789478615016,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]],"date-time":"2013-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anat Histol Embryol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Morphological studies of the gastrointestinal tract of blue\u2010and\u2010yellow macaws (<jats:italic>Ara ararauna<\/jats:italic>) are scarce. In view of the paucity of information regarding the digestive tract of macaws, this study aims to describe the gross anatomical features (oesophagus to cloaca) as part of a broad study of the gastrointestinal tract (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIT<\/jats:styled-content>) of these birds. Three animals (two males and one female) adult macaws were anatomically dissected from the oropharynx to the cloaca to expose the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIT<\/jats:styled-content>. The oesophagus was identified as a muscle\u2010membranous tube continuous with the crop, which was intimately attached to the skin. The internal longitudinal folds of the cervical oesophagus were sparser cranial to the crop and less evident compared to the portion caudal to the crop. The duodenum began in the pylorus and was grey\u2010coloured exhibiting a large lumen. The jejunum was formed by loops in a spiral\u2010fashion model supported by mesojejunum. The ileum was also composed by small loops and was continuous with the colo\u2010rectum forming the large intestine, because the caeca were absent. The large intestine was short, median in position, suspended in the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity by mesentery and ended in the cloaca. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIT<\/jats:styled-content> was similar to the basic patterns in birds, in general, and also presented new unreported morphological data that might be important when studying nutrition and health of the macaws.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]],"date-time":"2013-02-19T02:33:43Z","timestamp":1361241223000},"page":"432-437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Gross Anatomical Features of the Gastrointestinal Tract (<scp>GIT<\/scp>) of Blue\u2010and\u2010Yellow Macaws (<i>Ara\u00a0ararauna<\/i>) \u2013 Oesophagus to Cloaca"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Aizawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP) S\u00e3o Paulo Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Tivane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP) S\u00e3o Paulo Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. N.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP) S\u00e3o Paulo Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. G.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres do IBAMA\u2010PB (CETAS\u2010PB) Para\u00edba Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. B.","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba (UFPB) Para\u00edba Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. R.","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba (UFPB) Para\u00edba Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Miglino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP) S\u00e3o Paulo Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.1997.19130387.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Aves","author":"Benez S. M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Tratado de anatomia veterin\u00e1ria","author":"Dyce K. M.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"204","article-title":"Comparative clinical anatomy of ratites","volume":"22","author":"Fowler M. E.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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M.Sc. thesis University of Pretoria South Africa."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Feeding ecology of Ara Araruna (Aves, Psitttacidae) at firebreaks in western cerrado, Brazil","volume":"22","author":"Tubelis D. P.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. 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