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In a group of temnospondyls, the stereospondyls, the intercentra became pronounced and disc\u2010like, whereas the pleurocentra were reduced. We report the presence of congenital vertebral malformations (hemi, wedge and block vertebrae) in Permian and Triassic temnospondyls, showing that defects of formation and segmentation in the tetrapod vertebral column represent a fundamental failure of somitogenesis that can be followed throughout tetrapod evolution. This is irrespective of the type of affected vertebra, that is, rhachitomous or stereospondylous, and all components of the vertebra can be involved (intercentrum, pleurocentrum and neural arch), either together or independently on their own. This is the oldest known occurrence of wedge vertebra and congenital block vertebra described in fossil tetrapods. The frequency of vertebral congenital malformations in amphibians appears unchanged from the Holocene.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,3]],"date-time":"2013-04-03T08:11:53Z","timestamp":1364976713000},"page":"90-102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Congenital Malformations of the Vertebral Column in Ancient Amphibians"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Witzmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde Leibniz\u2010Institut f\u00fcr Evolutions\u2010 und Biodiversit\u00e4tsforschung Invalidenstra\u00dfe 43 Berlin D\u201010115 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. 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Profsoyuznaya 123 Moscow 117868 Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Asbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Charit\u00e9platz 1 Berlin 10117 Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06865"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1050040304"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02985954"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00541251"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Etiology of congenital scoliosis","volume":"15","author":"Erol B.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Univ. Penn. Orthop. 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