{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T14:56:59Z","timestamp":1758121019276,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,3]],"date-time":"2018-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31760271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31760271"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anat Histol Embryol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ghrelin is a very important brain\u2013gut peptide that modulates appetite and energy metabolism in mammals. The yak is the only large mammal that can adapt to the cold temperatures and hypoxia conditions present in the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau. However, there are no reports on ghrelin molecular characterization and expression in the hypothalamus\u2013pituitary\u2013digestive tract axis of the yak to date. In this study, the coding region sequence of the yak ghrelin, containing a complete ORF (351) encoding for 117 amino acids, was cloned. Immunohistochemistry analysis of the yak samples showed that ghrelin\u2010immunoreactive cells were expressed at the arcuate nucleus (ARC), the ventromedial nucleus (VMN), the dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) of the hypothalamus and also at the anterior pituitary. Ghrelin\u2010positive cells were also present in approximately two thirds of the submucosa of the abomasum fundic gland and mucous layer of the duodenum intestinal gland. Ghrelin's mRNA highest expression occurred in the abomasum sample, followed by the duodenum, hypothalamus and lowest at the pituitary gland. The level of ghrelin mRNA measured in yak was higher than in cattle for all the tissues that were compared. The ghrelin protein and mRNA expression profiles were similar. These data imply that the high expression of ghrelin in the hypothalamus\u2013pituitary\u2013digestive tract axis of yak could aid adaptation to the extreme environment better than cattle, by improving appetite and fat accumulation, regulating body temperature and reducing energy consumption via regulating energy metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T04:04:00Z","timestamp":1536033840000},"page":"583-590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Molecular cloning and expression of ghrelin in the hypothalamus\u2013pituitary\u2013gastrointestinal tract axis of the Yak (<i>Bos grunniens<\/i>) in the Qinghai\u2013Tibetan Plateau"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Yanping","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life science Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jialong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiran","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life science Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2016-3187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baoping","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.10.7885"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1861"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00063-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.11.7757"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(01)00243-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12349"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2007.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2003.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800708105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0739-7240(01)00104-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"180","article-title":"The role of ghrelinoctanoyl\u2010 acyl\u2010transferase in thermoregulation","volume":"36","author":"Heppner K. 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