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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH\u2010d) staining has been used to identify nitrergic neurons of the enteric nervous system in different species. However, NADPH\u2010d staining lacks specificity because it also reflects the presence of enzymes other than nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Therefore, NOS immunohistochemistry techniques are needed to test for nitrergic neurons in the avian gut. In the present work, the morphology, density and size of NOS\u2010positive neurons in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and rectum myenteric plexus of adult pigeons were investigated using NOS immunohistochemistry and whole\u2010mount preparations techniques. The density of NOS\u2010positive ganglion was highest in the ileum, similar to the caecum and rectum, and the lowest staining levels were observed in the duodenum. The staining intensity of NOS\u2010positive neurons in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was dark, followed by the rectal regions, with weak staining in the caecum. These results suggested that NOS immunohistochemistry and whole\u2010mount preparation techniques provide an effective assessment method of the ganglia in the pigeon intestinal myenteric nerve plexus and are more accurate for cell counting compared with conventional sections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T00:51:37Z","timestamp":1587084697000},"page":"563-570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative study of the distribution of NOS\u2010positive neurons in pigeon intestine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3958-4712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiji","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province School of Life Science Shandong Normal University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province School of Life Science Shandong Normal University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province School of Life Science Shandong Normal University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0279-8354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Basic Medicine Jinan Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004167416731"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","DOI":"10.1556\/ABiol.60.2009.4.2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00268998"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","DOI":"10.1078\/0944-2006-00084"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","DOI":"10.1071\/FP15120"},{"issue":"90004","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"15iv","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of the enteric nervous system","volume":"47","author":"Costa M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-008-9081-5"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.09.070"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","DOI":"10.17235\/reed.2016.4058\/2015"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","DOI":"10.1177\/44.12.8985132"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.01.013"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the rabbit spinal cord visualised by histochemical NADPH\u2010diaphorase and immunohistochemical NOS methods","volume":"21","author":"Kluchova D.","year":"2002","journal-title":"General Physiology and Biophysics"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-016-2079-9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903450110"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.6A7052.2007"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91474-7"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase in neurons of the gastrointestinal tract of an avian species, Coturnix coturnix","volume":"184","author":"Li Z. 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