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The purpose of this study is to describe the osseous anatomy of the middle and inner ear of the southern white rhinoceros using micro\u2010focus X\u2010ray computed tomography imaging. Four temporal bones obtained from two 1\u2010day old southern white rhinoceros preserved in 10% formalin were scanned. Tri\u2010dimensional reconstructions were obtained and volumes of the middle ear ossicles and inner ear structures were calculated. Excellent high spatial resolution 3D images were obtained for all samples and virtual models of the auditory ossicles and bony labyrinth were generated. Visualization of the tympanic membrane, middle ear and inner ear structures was possible in all samples. Whereas the <jats:italic>stapes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>incus<\/jats:italic> had a shape similar to their human or equine counterparts, the <jats:italic>malleus<\/jats:italic> showed a unique appearance with a long rostral branch projecting latero\u2010distally to the <jats:italic>manubrium<\/jats:italic>. The cochlea described 2 turns rostro\u2010laterally around its axis, with a medial direction of rotation. However, identification of the soft tissue structures of the middle ear was sometimes difficult and visualization of the small structures of the membranous labyrinth was not possible using this formalin fixation and alternative techniques should be investigated. Further investigations are needed in order to provide a complete virtual model including both soft and bone tissues of this difficultly accessible region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T06:58:39Z","timestamp":1605164319000},"page":"316-323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Micro\u2010anatomy of the ear of the southern white rhinoceros (<i>Ceratotherium simum simum<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9497-3852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micka\u00ebl P.","family":"Robert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies University of Pretoria  Onderstepoort South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Carstens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies University of Pretoria  Onderstepoort South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik C.","family":"de Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micro\u2010Focus X\u2010ray Tomography Facility (MIXRAD) South African Nuclear Energy Corporation SOC Ltd. 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