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The rich diversity in a broad range of habitats makes carnivorans especially eligible for studying the relations between the brain form and behaviour, cognitive, sensorial and motor traits. This study compared the brain's contour and total and segmented brain volumetry in three species of neotropical carnivorans. CT images of 17 skulls of three species were acquired: <jats:italic>Conepatus chinga<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096), <jats:italic>Galictis cuja<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) and <jats:italic>Lontra longicaudis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095). Three\u2010dimensional endocasts allowed for estimating the brain's total and segmented volumes (olfactory bulb, rostral cerebrum, caudal cerebrum and cerebellum\/brain stem). The average volume percentage of the segments was compared interspecifically and intraspecifically between the sexes. The otter has a notably more complex gyrification, typical for semiaquatic carnivorans. Proportionally, the olfactory bulb was significantly larger in hog\u2010nosed skunks, possibly due to a better sense of smell for capturing insects. The proportional volumes of the rostral cerebrum, caudal cerebrum and cerebellum\/brain stem segments did not differ between these species. Social behaviour traits and tactile, motor and balance skills were probably not sufficiently distinct to reflect differences in the brain segments analysed in these three species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.13000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]],"date-time":"2023-11-25T00:23:07Z","timestamp":1700871787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Brain volumetry from <scp>CT<\/scp>\u2010scan endocasts of three neotropical carnivores"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Marelise Moral","family":"Montana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Anatomy Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA)  Uruguaiana RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Benhur","family":"Kasper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biology of Mammals and Birds Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA)  S\u00e3o Gabriel RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe Lima","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Paleobiology Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA)  S\u00e3o Gabriel RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis Felipe Salles","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences University of Brasilia  Brasilia DF Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2251-171X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Abidu\u2010Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Human Anatomy Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ)  Serop\u00e9dica RJ Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6488-6491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"de Souza\u2010Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Anatomy Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA)  Uruguaiana RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","DOI":"10.37002\/biobrasil.v%vi%i.389"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1884"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","DOI":"10.1159\/000321317"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","DOI":"10.1159\/000338670"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","DOI":"10.1159\/000354639"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","DOI":"10.1038\/35016580"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022\u20105193(89)80216\u20104"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420\u20109101.2012.02491.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1965.45.4.721"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s42991\u2010020\u201000060\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Mam\u00edferos do Brasil","author":"Cheida C. 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