{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:32:27Z","timestamp":1762543947771,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]],"date-time":"2023-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008895","name":"Tertiary Education Trust Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anat Histol Embryol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Morphological changes in the late\u2010embryo\u2010stage gastrointestinal tract of Nigerian indigenous chicken were investigated using anatomical techniques. The paraffin\u2010embedded sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid Schiff\u2010Alcian blue (pH\u20092.5) stains. During the late pre\u2010hatch period, the framework of the stomach was already established, but glands were yet poorly developed. Randomly oriented pre\u2010glandular cells in the lamina propria mucosae at embryonic day (ED) 14 became organized into elongated simple tubular glands at ED 19 and assumed adult morphology at post\u2010hatch day (PD) 1. Acidic and neutral mucin deposits were associated with the glandular cells. In the small intestine, enterocytes of the tunica epithelialis mucosae transformed from cuboidal\u2010shaped cells (at ED 14) to tall columnar cells (at PD 1). Short crypts of Lieberk\u00fchn, goblet cells, microfold cells and enteroendocrine cells were evident at ED 19, while the lamina propria mucosae and submucosa contained mesenchymal cells, reticular cells and isolated lymphoblasts. Similarly, the crypts, lymphoblasts, mesenchymal and reticular cells were also associated with the lamina propria mucosae and submucosa of the caecum and colorectum at ED 19. It was inferred from these findings that extensive cellular and tissue modifications occur in the gastrointestinal tract within the narrow window of the late pre\u2010hatch period. The definitive gut tunics, epithelium, glandular tissues, immune\u2010competent cells and tissues are formed as a result. Thus, the embryonic gut of the bird is made capable of assuming its necessary functions of food digestion, nutrient absorption, water and ion re\u2010absorption, immune surveillance, antibody production and immune responses at hatch.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.13007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]],"date-time":"2023-12-09T14:48:55Z","timestamp":1702133335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Morphological features of the late\u2010embryo\u2010stage gastrointestinal tract of free\u2010roaming light ecotype Nigerian indigenous chicken"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9940-3886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anietie Francis","family":"Udoumoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Nigeria  Nsukka Enugu State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Udensi Maduabuchi","family":"Igwebuike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Nigeria  Nsukka Enugu State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Innocent Chima","family":"Nwaogu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Nigeria  Nsukka Enugu State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ikechukwu Reginald","family":"Obidike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Nigeria  Nsukka Enugu State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Color atlas of veterinary histology","year":"2000","author":"Bacha W. 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