{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T19:55:21Z","timestamp":1788206121811,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anat Histol Embryol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The spleen is the largest secondary lymphoid organ with significant roles in pathogen clearance. It is involved in several avian diseases. The cattle egret is a wild insectivorous bird of agricultural and socioeconomic importance. Data related to microstructural features of cattle egret spleen are lacking. The present study investigated the gross anatomical, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the cattle egret spleen. Proliferation (PCNA and PHH3), apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3, C.CASP3) and T\u2010cell (CD3 and CD8) markers were assessed. Grossly, the spleen appeared brownish red, oval\u2010shaped and located at the oesophago\u2010proventricular junction. Histologically, the spleen was surrounded by a thin capsule sending a number of trabeculae which contained branches of the splenic vessels. The white pulp consisted of the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath and periellipsoidal lymphatic sheath (PELS). The red pulp was formed of sinusoids and cords. The penicillar capillaries, which represent the terminal segments of the splenic arterial tree were highly branched, wrapped by prominent ellipsoids and directly connected to the splenic sinusoids, suggesting a closed type of circulation. Immunohistochemically, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)\u2010expressing cells were distributed with high counts throughout the splenic parenchyma, being highest within the splenic cords and PELS. Both PHH3\u2010 and C.CASP3\u2010expressing cells revealed a similar pattern to that of PCNA, although with fewer counts. Large numbers of T cells were observed throughout the splenic parenchyma, mainly within the cords, as revealed by CD3 and CD8 immunoreaction. The present study provides a clear insight into the precise structure of the spleen in cattle egrets and thus improves our understanding about birds' immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.13082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]],"date-time":"2024-06-30T03:00:00Z","timestamp":1719716400000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Insights into microstructure and expression of markers of proliferation, apoptosis and T cells in the spleen of cattle egret (\n                    <i>Bubulcus ibis<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9235-2449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Abdellatif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4152-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walaa Abdelwahab Abdelghani","family":"Basha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Suez Canal University  Ismailia Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2021.101580"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23728"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40850-022-00161-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/bjvm.v4i2.1289"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2021.1846-1852"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.17094\/avbd.56463","article-title":"Histologic and histometric examination of spleen in geese (Anser anser)","volume":"9","author":"Bing\u00f6l S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atat\u00fcrk \u00dcniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Avian anatomy: Textbook and colour atlas","author":"Budras K.\u2010D.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52512-3.00183-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2014.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Morphofunctional adaptation of the stomach of the cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) to the types of its food","volume":"16","author":"El Nahla S. 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