{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T16:35:12Z","timestamp":1781195712142,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anat Histol Embryol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The Temminck's pangolin (\n                    <jats:italic>Smutsia temminckii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is one of eight pangolin species worldwide and the only pangolin present in southern Africa. Historically, pangolins have not been able to reproduce successfully in captivity and this may be in part due to the lack of knowledge and understanding with regards to the pangolin reproductive system (anatomy, physiology, biology) in all eight species. This original study describes the gross anatomy of the male Temminck's pangolin from three adult individuals investigated. The male Temminck's pangolin presented a short, conical penis with ascrotal (internal) testes, similar to many other myrmecophagous mammals such as the aardvark (\n                    <jats:italic>Orycteropus<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp.) and anteaters (suborder: Vermilingua). However, the orientation of the penis of the Temminck's pangolin differed in that it was oriented cranioventrally, in contrast to the caudal orientation of the giant anteater. The testes were found to be bilaterally flattened with an elongate oval shape, similar to the aardvark. The specific characteristics of the reproductive tract of the male Temminck's pangolins are thought to be adaptations to their peculiar lifestyle as the male portrays characteristics that indicate adaptation to a lower basal metabolic rate and body temperature as well as to their defensive mechanism of rolling up into a ball. Our study suggests the male Temminck's pangolin reproductive anatomy is most similar and comparable to the Xenarthrans and the aardvark that display the same fossorial activities as pangolins, and the male morphology is not comparable to the phylogenetically closely\u2010related Carnivora.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.13084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]],"date-time":"2024-06-30T02:54:32Z","timestamp":1719716072000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The gross reproductive morphology of the male Temminck's pangolin\n                    <i>Smutsia temminckii<\/i>\n                    (Smuts, 1832)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0030-0068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren Nicole","family":"Tink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nature Conservation, Faculty of Science Tshwane University of Technology  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4741-3307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Science, Faculty of Science Tshwane University of Technology  Pretoria South Africa"},{"name":"IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group, c\/o Zoological Society of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6374-4291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Steyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria  Onderstepoort South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","unstructured":"Akmal Y. 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