{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:11:35Z","timestamp":1782861095032,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anat Histol Embryol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>An artificial intelligence (AI) model was designed to assist pathologists in diagnosing and quantifying structural changes in tongue lesions induced by chemical carcinogens. Using a tongue cancer model induced by 4\u2010nitroquinoline\u2010N\u2010oxide and treated with \u03b2\u2010elemene, a total of 183 digital pathology slides were processed. The Segment Anything Model (SAM) was employed for initial segmentation, followed by conventional algorithms for more detailed segmentation. The epithelial contour area was computed using OpenCV's findcontour method, and the skeletonize method was used to calculate the distance map and skeletonized representation. The AI model demonstrated high accuracy in measuring tongue epithelial thickness and the number of papilla\u2010like protrusions. Results indicated that the model group had significantly higher epithelial thickness and fewer papillae compared with the blank group. Furthermore, the treatment group exhibited reduced epithelial thickness and fewer papilla\u2010like protrusions compared with the model group, though these differences were less pronounced. Overall, the SAM framework algorithm proved effective in quantifying tongue epithelial thickness and the number of papilla\u2010like protrusions, thereby assisting healthcare professionals in understanding pathological changes and assessing treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.13095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T06:40:22Z","timestamp":1722408022000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An analysis on efficacy of applying \u03b2\u2010elemene intervention on chemically \u2010induced tongue lesions using <scp>SAM<\/scp> algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0201-488X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Control Engineering China University of Mining and Technology  Xuzhou China"},{"name":"School of Information Engineering Yulin University  Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinlong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology the University of Queensland  Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gibson Biotechnology (Shaanxi) Co, Ltd  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deqiang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Control Engineering China University of Mining and Technology  Xuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering Yulin University  Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yating","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanzhen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-021-00919-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41374-020-00514-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.103061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.1796"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.538"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00371"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"792","article-title":"Cancer of the tongue","volume":"61","author":"Leong I. 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