{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:22:29Z","timestamp":1753878149203,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004612","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Arauc\u00e1ria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004612","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anat Histol Embryol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cockatiels (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Nymphicus hollandicus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) are birds present in several countries, commonly kept as pets and, therefore, are frequently encountered as patients in veterinary hospitals. Knowledge of the morphology of the cockatiel's digestive tract is essential for understanding its digestive problems and clinical care. The objective of this study is to describe the digestive tract morphology of these birds. Six cockatiels were dissected and all parts of the digestive tract were measured and processed for histological analysis. The measured data were highly variable for some parts. The oesophagus is divided into a cervical part with the ingluvies (crop) and celomic portion. Mucosal folds and a stratified non\u2010cornified epithelium in the oesophagus and ingluvies were observed. No oesophageal glands were observed in the cervical portion and ingluvies, however, in the celomic portion submucosal glands were abundant. The cockatiel's stomach is subdivided into a glandular and a muscular part. The glandular stomach has a simple columnar epithelium with PAS+ cells and gastric glands. The muscular stomach exhibits a gastric cuticle, and simple columnar epithelium with branched tubular glands, and its muscular layers are organised in inner circular and outer longitudinal bundles. The intestine of cockatiels is subdivided in the small intestine with duodenum, jejunum, ileum and the short large intestine is represented by the colorectum. The <jats:italic>Tunica mucosa<\/jats:italic> of the small intestine forms villi lined with simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells. Simple tubular glands extend into the lamina propria mucosae. The wall of the large intestine contains simple tubular glands and a circular and thin layer of smooth muscles. Despite the absence of lymph nodes, there are numerous lymphocytes in the lamina propria. The digestive tract and histological characteristics observed are consistent with other avian species, however, well\u2010defined species\u2010specific particularities were observed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.70007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T12:50:30Z","timestamp":1733316630000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Morphological Analysis of the Digestive Tract of Cockatiels (<i>Nymphicus hollandicus<\/i>)\u2014Oesophagus to Colorectum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1905-9233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. L. R.","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ana Let\u00edcia Rodrigues Marques, Federal University of South Border, Postgraduate Program in Health Welfare and Sustainable Animal Production (PPG\u2010SBPAS)  Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7989-2948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I. J.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isaac de Jesus de Oliveira, Federal University of South Border, Postgraduate Program in Health Welfare and Sustainable Animal Production (PPG\u2010SBPAS)  Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1386-5026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V. E.","family":"Mamgue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitor Eduardo Mamgue, Federal University of South Border, Postgraduate Program in Health Welfare and Sustainable Animal Production (PPG\u2010SBPAS)  Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2749-3979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. L.","family":"Perin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rafael Luan Perin, Federal University of South Border, Postgraduate Program in Health Welfare and Sustainable Animal Production (PPG\u2010SBPAS)  Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. E.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leticia Eduarda da Silva, Federal University of South Border Veterinary Medicine Graduate  Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2132-2661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Gruchouskei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leonardo Gruchouskei, Federal University of South Border Superintendence of University Veterinary Hospital Unit, Animal Pathology Sector  Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0554-5782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. F.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gentil Ferreira Gon\u00e7alves, Federal University of South Border Superintendence of University Veterinary Hospital Unit, Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging Sector  Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2971-5953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Romagnolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patricia Romagnolli, Federal University of South Border Superintendence of University Veterinary Hospital Unit, Veterinary Anatomy Sector  Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"809","article-title":"Histomorphological Studies on the Stomach of Eurasian Hobby (Falconinae. \n                     Falco subbuteo\n                  , Linnaeus1758) and Its Relation With Its Feeding Habits","volume":"11","author":"Abumandour M. M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Science Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30539\/iraqijvm.v40i2.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1089\u20106891v17i334289"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5007\/2175\u20107925.2014v27n1p101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33448\/rsd\u2010v10i2.12439"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11606\/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2020.168320"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12519"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100264.2010.01058.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1055\u2010937x(99)80036\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1647\/1082\u20106742(2001)015[0257:NOBITO]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.1422_b.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917\u2010024\u201004147\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"1263","article-title":"Topografia e morfologia das v\u00edsceras do periquito\u2010australiano (\n                     melopsittacus undulatus\n                  , Shaw 1805)","volume":"10","author":"Matsumoto F. S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia Animal Brasileira"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"An\u00e1lise histol\u00f3gica do trato gastrintestinal de avestruzes jovens (\n                     Struthio camelus\n                  \u2013Linnaeus, 1758)","volume":"22","author":"Monteiro C. M. R.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biotemas"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322260"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"Reavill D.2011.\u201cPsittacine Avian Digestive Tract: Anatomy Histology and Common Pathologies.\u201dIn Proceedings of the AAVAC\u2010AAVMA Annual Conference Canberra Australia: Zoo\/Exotic Pathology Service Modified and Used With Permission From ABVP 2009 Austin Symposium and VIN Library Listings 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13140\/2.1.3169.2808"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12495"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.1131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927622000368"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34188\/bjaerv5n3\u2010031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100\u2010736X2015001300011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33899\/ijvs.2020.127046.1447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Histology and Histochemical Structure of the Stomach (Proventriculus and Ventriculus) in Moorhen (\n                     Gallinula chloropus\n                  ) in South Iraq","volume":"20","author":"Taher I. A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Archives"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17221\/120\/2020\u2010VETMED"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2011.03.01"}],"container-title":["Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ahe.70007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T10:30:46Z","timestamp":1737023446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ahe.70007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ahe.70007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ahe.70007","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-2096","1439-0264"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0340-2096"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1439-0264"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70007"}}