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The main results of the study detailed how T\u2010lymphocytes, B\u2010lymphocytes and macrophages organise and function in the lymph nodes and spleen, identifying specialised zones for cell\u2010mediated and humoral immune response. A high concentration of T\u2010lymphocytes was found in the paracortical (T\u2010dependent) zone of lymph nodes, whereas B\u2010lymphocytes were predominantly localised in lymphoid follicles (B\u2010dependent zone), highlighting the specific organisation of immune defence. The spleen, which provides both humoral and cell\u2010mediated immune response, showed the presence of periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths rich in T\u2010lymphocytes (T\u2010dependent zone) and lymphoid follicles with a high concentration of B\u2010lymphocytes (B\u2010dependent zone). In addition, the presence of macrophages, which play a key role in phagocytosis and antigen presentation, was confirmed in both organs. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed active proliferation of immunoblasts in response to immune challenges, indicating the dynamic nature of the immune response. These data emphasise the complexity and efficiency of the immune system of the studied species, providing their protection against infectious agents and maintaining their health, which is key for the development of new approaches to improve animal health and productivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.70039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T18:09:07Z","timestamp":1746295747000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative Immunohistochemical Detection of Major Immunocompetent Cells and Cell Proliferation in Peripheral Lymphoid Organs in Cattle and Yak (<i>Bos gruniensis<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9873-5874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almazbek","family":"Irgashev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sanitary Expertise, Histology and Pathology Kyrgyz National Agrarian University named after K.I. 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