{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:51:21Z","timestamp":1791726681418,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anat Histol Embryol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Dromedary camels (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Camelus dromedarius<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) exhibit distinctive anatomical adaptations that support survival in arid environments; however, longitudinal data on early thoracic development are scarce. This study characterised postnatal growth and structural changes of the thoracic cage during the first year of life and evaluated sex\u2010related differences in growth trajectories. A total of 120 clinically healthy, full\u2010term calves (60 males, 60 females) were enrolled within 24\u2009h after birth and examined at birth and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12\u2009months of age. Morphometric measurements included body weight, thoracic circumference, thoracic depth and thoracic width. Thoracic shape was assessed using the thoracic index (TW\/TD\u2009\u00d7\u2009100) and the costal curvature ratio (TW\/TC). Longitudinal changes were analysed using linear mixed\u2010effects models. All thoracic dimensions increased significantly with age (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Thoracic circumference increased from 72.1\u2009\u00b1\u20093.4\u2009cm at birth to 140.6\u2009\u00b1\u20097.8\u2009cm at 12\u2009months. Significant age\u2009\u00d7\u2009sex interactions were observed for body weight and thoracic circumference (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), with males showing greater transverse thoracic expansion after 6\u2009months. The thoracic index increased progressively (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), indicating proportionally greater growth in width than in depth, whereas the costal curvature ratio remained relatively stable. Strong positive correlations were found between body weight and thoracic measurements (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.92\u20130.96;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). These data provide reference values for early thoracic development and demonstrate the emergence of sexual dimorphism in thoracic morphology during the first postnatal year.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.70107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T13:45:17Z","timestamp":1775655917000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Longitudinal Thoracic Growth and Emerging Sexual Dimorphism in Dromedary Camel Calves"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Djallal Eddine","family":"Rahmoun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences University of Batna  Batna Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6723-9337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Kamal Merai","family":"Abdel Maksoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Beni\u2010Suef University  Beni\u2010Suef Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HebatAllah Hamdy","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Beni\u2010Suef University  Beni\u2010Suef Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azza Ali Hassan","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Beni\u2010Suef University  Beni\u2010Suef Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/javs.2022.168375.1184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870401600609"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/2277\u20108934.2024.00001.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40850\u2010023\u201000173\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100264.2005.00669_8.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejcs.2025.336975.1023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/blsf2023022013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64252\/v1z9m769"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/absr.k.220207.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cz\/zoaf033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejvs.2024.293563.2129"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"Assessing 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