{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T11:12:53Z","timestamp":1784200373227,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anat Histol Embryol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mature rat adrenal medulla is characterized by a pronounced asymmetry in the 3D organization of chromaffin tissue as a whole and by oppositely directed gradients in the distribution of adrenaline\u2010storing (A\u2010) and noradrenaline\u2010storing (NA\u2010) cells. The aim of this study was to characterize the 3D organization of the rat maturing adrenal medulla. Adrenal glands from 1\u2010 to 2\u2010week\u2010old Wistar rats were processed using a highly specific chromaffin reaction according to Honor\u00e9, which allows differentiation between A\u2010 and NA\u2010cells. A 3D reconstruction of the adrenal medulla was obtained from complete sets of serial sections after A\u2010 and NA\u2010cells, blood vessels, nerve fibres, neurons and stroma had been marked on each section. By the time of final differentiation of A\u2010 and NA\u2010cells (end of the first postnatal week), the two\u2010level asymmetry of chromaffin tissue characteristic of the mature adrenal medulla and its close association with bundles of nerve fibres was already clearly evident. At the craniomedial margin, where the main nerve bundles enter the medulla, chromaffin tissue formed cones and cords composed almost exclusively of A\u2010cells, whereas towards the caudolateral margin A\u2010cell density decreased and NA\u2010cell density increased. Integrating these data with published information on embryonic migration of sympathoadrenal precursors and on the development of adrenal medullary innervation and vascularization, we propose the \u2018access points\u2019 hypothesis. It proposes that opposite A\u2010 and NA\u2010cell gradients result from asynchronous arrest of migrating groups of A\u2010 and NA\u2010cell precursors (chromaffinoblasts) as they reach discrete microdomains that provide access to nerve terminals and microvasculature (\u2018access points\u2019), with earlier\u2010settling A\u2010blasts accumulating near the nerve entry zone and later\u2010settling NA\u2010blasts occupying remaining access points.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.70149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T20:21:53Z","timestamp":1782937313000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maturing Rat Adrenal Medulla:\n                    <scp>3D<\/scp>\n                    Organization and the \u2018Access Points\u2019 Hypothesis for Opposite Distribution Gradients of A\u2010 and\n                    <scp>NA<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4907-7757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantin Gerbertovich","family":"Kemoklidze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology Yaroslavl State Medical University  Yaroslavl Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7001-0851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia Andreevna","family":"Tyumina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology Yaroslavl State Medical University  Yaroslavl Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexey Vladimirovich","family":"Pavlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology Yaroslavl State Medical University  Yaroslavl Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2021.111258"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.281.6.R1825"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.180"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.52.suppl_331"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0736\u20105748(89)90003\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17816\/morph.398822"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410051079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal3753"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2023.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19.8.483"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.110.1.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2020.110998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17816\/morph.636944"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22363\/2313\u20100245\u20102022\u201026\u20103\u2010259\u2010273"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2023.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12720"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/37.6.2723399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460\u20109568.1992.tb00868.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165\u20103806(92)90109\u2010A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.875865"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.162552"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006\u2010291X(91)90625\u2010H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.279.5.R1763"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517\u2010023\u201005903\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410051161"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090490105"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"Cytological Mechanisms of the Postnatal Growth of Adrenal Chromaffin Tissues","volume":"29","author":"Pavlov A. 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