{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:47:22Z","timestamp":1792050442718,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014538","name":"Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B\u20102657\/III.5\/FR.06.00\/6\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B\u20102657\/III.5\/FR.06.00\/6\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020473","name":"Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["119\/II\/HK\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["119\/II\/HK\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020473","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anat Histol Embryol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The Sunda porcupine (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Hystrix javanica<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) possesses keratin\u2010based quills with exceptional rigidity, necessitating softening porcupine treatments for histological and ultrastructural analyses. This study evaluated the effectiveness of 30% hydrogen peroxide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) alone and in combination with 20% potassium hydroxide (KOH) on true, flat and rattle quills. Quills from 12 captive Sunda porcupines were subjected to treatments of varying durations and examined using histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Treatment with 30% H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    produced moderate softening after 3\u2009days in flat and rattle quills, whereas true quills required 7\u2009days of immersion but remained less effectively softened. In contrast, the combined treatment of 30% H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and 20% KOH achieved effective softening within 25\u201330\u2009min, resulting in softer texture, increased quill diameter and improved sectioning quality. Histological analyses revealed structural differences among quill types, while SEM showed that 30% H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    alone produced surface cracking while retaining discernible interfibrillar boundaries. In contrast, the combined treatment with 30% H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and 20% KOH resulted in a more irregular macrofibril surface, indistinct interfibrillar boundaries and interfibrillar fusion. These findings indicate that the H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009+\u2009KOH protocol provides a more efficient and rapid method than H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    alone, although optimization is necessary to minimise artefacts and preserve structural integrity. Overall, this combination offers a practical approach for preparing porcupine quills for microscopic evaluation, while future studies should investigate milder alternatives and explore the biomedical potential of quill\u2010derived keratin.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.70184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:53:52Z","timestamp":1792047232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide and Potassium Hydroxide Softening Treatments on the Histological Preparation and Morphology of Sunda Porcupine (\n                    <i>Hystrix javanica<\/i>\n                    ) Quills"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0525-5480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maharani Kartika","family":"Ramadhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Animal Biosciences, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences IPB University  Bogor Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9596-9003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andhika Yudha","family":"Prawira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Applied Zoology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)  Cibinong Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5738-4004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bramantyo","family":"Wikantyoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Applied Zoology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)  Cibinong Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4838-5363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ni Luh Putu Rischa","family":"Phadmacanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Applied Zoology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)  Cibinong Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9284-7564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rizki Fitrawan","family":"Yuneldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Applied Zoology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)  Cibinong Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8348-5570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srihadi","family":"Agungpriyono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomy Histology Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science IPB University  Bogor Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0348-5675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berry","family":"Juliandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences IPB University  Bogor Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709\u2010016\u20101019\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1644\/788.1\/2600845"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Budipitojo T. Y. K.Adi andY. H.Fibrianto.2018.\u201cPCS\u201012 Complex Oligosaccharide Detected in the Lingua ofHystrix javanicaby Lectin Histochemistry.Proceeding International Conference on Biological Science.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0909049599004537"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2012.05.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356\u2010021\u201017649\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.14672494.2007.00372.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.194"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2018.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Rhythmic Pigmentation in Porcupine Quills","volume":"42","author":"Findlay G. H.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr S\u00e4ugetierkunde"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17576\/jsm\u20102025\u20105404\u201005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15030457"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47349\/jbi\/16012020\/81"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1973.01620170035010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15653"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11837\u2010012\u20100302\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/mammalia\u20102013\u20100126"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d200321"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09674845.2008.11732799"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.70036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01478885.2019.1642434"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"Supratikno S. H. B.Harjo D. D.Cahyadi andS.Agungpriyono.2015.\u201cCutaneous Muscle of Javan Porcupine (Hystrix javanica).\u201dProceedings of the 5th Congress of the Asian Association of Veterinary Anatomists (AVA): The Role of Anatomy in Veterinary Education and Research in Supporting the Achievement of Veterinary Day\u2010One Competencies. 21\u201322. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine IPB."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14432\/j.macvetrev.2015.02.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-4109-3_3","volume-title":"Chemistry of Natural Protein Fibers","author":"Swift J. A.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040\u20108166(73)80015\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103512"},{"issue":"356","key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Notes on Southeast Asian Porcupines (Hystricidae, Rodentia) IV. On the Taxonomy of Subgenus Acanthion F. Cuvier, 1823 With Notes on the Other Taxa of the Family","volume":"29","author":"Van Weers D. J.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Beaufortia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","first-page":"226","article-title":"Specific Distinction in Old World Porcupines","volume":"53","author":"Van Weers D. J.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Der Zoologische Garten, Jena"}],"container-title":["Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ahe.70184","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ahe.70184","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ahe.70184","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:53:55Z","timestamp":1792047235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ahe.70184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ahe.70184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ahe.70184","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-2096","1439-0264"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-2096","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0264","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70184"}}