{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:43:13Z","timestamp":1792590193688,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anat Histol Embryol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The American crocodile (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Crocodylus acutus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) is a widely distributed Neotropical species for which detailed osteological descriptions of the skull and mandible remain scarce. This study provides an integrative characterization of the cranial and mandibular complex using gross anatomy, descriptive cranial morphometry, radiography, and three\u2010dimensional (3D) scanning. Four skulls and mandibles from post mortem specimens were prepared following standard osteological procedures, and descriptive cranial measurements were recorded. Radiographic projection allowed visualization of bone margins, cranial sutures, dental alveoli, fenestrae, and articular regions. Three\u2010dimensional models generated through a structured\u2010light 3D scanning workflow documented external contours, choanal margins, temporal and mandibular fenestrae, alveolar borders, and sutural patterns. In dorsal, ventral, lateral, and caudal views, the examined skulls displayed an elongated rostrum, dorsally positioned orbits and external nares, paired supratemporal and lateral temporal fenestrae, and a single occipital condyle. The mandibles exhibited elongated and firmly fused symphyses, pronounced retroarticular processes, and well\u2010defined internal and external mandibular fenestrae. Dental preservation varied among specimens, but tooth spacing, conical morphology, and rostrocaudal size variation could be documented in the preserved series. These findings provide a specimen\u2010based reference for the cranial and mandibular complex of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. acutus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    by integrating morphological, morphometric, radiographic, and three\u2010dimensional (3D) scanning evidence. The digital models constitute an additional resource for anatomical teaching, comparative studies, and long\u2010term digital documentation of osteological morphology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.70187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:06:11Z","timestamp":1792587971000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Morphological, Radiographic and Three\u2010Dimensional Scanning Characterization of the Skull and Mandible of the American Crocodile (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Crocodylus acutus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9327-7263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. Melissa Viloria","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (UNA)  Heredia Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5201-9668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara S\u00e1enz","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (UNA)  Heredia Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0182-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis David Badilla","family":"Oviedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (UNA)  Heredia Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3441-0262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9ia Passos","family":"Pequeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (UNA)  Heredia Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15359\/ru.39\u20101.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12031381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24873"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1580\/1080\u20106032(2005)16[143:CAIAAA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24824"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201091167\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031781"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15381\/rpb.v11i2.2457"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"810","article-title":"Historical, Exceptionally Large Skulls of Saltwater Crocodiles Discovered at the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum in Singapore","volume":"66","author":"Fukuda Y.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Raffles Bulletin of Zoology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21829\/azm.2007.231558"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15517\/rbt.v65i1.21020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria","author":"International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00435\u2010017\u20100356\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20360"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23803"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2005.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10627"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"179","article-title":"Size Estimation, Morphometrics, Sex Ratio, Sexual Size Dimorphism, and Biomass of \n                     Crocodylus acutus\n                   in the Coastal Zone of Belize","volume":"47","author":"Platt S. G.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Salamandra"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/jva.2014.44742"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Tama\u00f1o, Estructura y Distribuci\u00f3n de Una Poblaci\u00f3n de Crocodylus acutus (Crocodylia: Crocodilidae) en Costa Rica","volume":"40","author":"Sasa M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Revista de Biolog\u00eda Tropical"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/saep.2001.24671"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.156281"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16965\/ijar.2015.206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22458\/urj.v4i2.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24204"}],"container-title":["Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ahe.70187","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ahe.70187","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ahe.70187","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:06:12Z","timestamp":1792587972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ahe.70187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ahe.70187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ahe.70187","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-2096","1439-0264"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-2096","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0264","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70187"}}