{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:43:24Z","timestamp":1787013804440,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,26]],"date-time":"2020-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587859200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]],"date-time":"2019-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004681","name":"Higher Education Commission, Pakistan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106\u20101960\u2010BM6\u2010056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106\u20101960\u2010BM6\u2010056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 GM092655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 GM092655"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Human Genetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The dopamine D2 receptor encoded by\n                    <jats:italic>DRD2<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been implicated in multiple psychiatric disorders, mediated at least in part by two intronic variants affecting mRNA splicing, rs1076560 and rs2283265, and a less frequent enhancer variant, rs12364283, which increases\n                    <jats:italic>DRD2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA expression. This study tests whether these functionally validated variants confer susceptibility toward heroin addiction in a Pakistani population. A total of 540 heroin addicts and 467 healthy controls were genotyped, basic allele and genotype tests were performed. Neither rs1076560 nor rs2283265 significantly associated with heroin addiction. The enhancer rs12364283 occurs more frequently in heroin\u2010dependent cases than controls (MAF 13% vs. 7%, respectively), revealing significant association with heroin addiction (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a03.0E\u201006, OR 2.1). This study identifies rs12364283 of\n                    <jats:italic>DRD2<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a potential risk factor for heroin addiction in the Pakistani study population. This enhancer variant had been shown to increase\n                    <jats:italic>DRD2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA expression, a possible factor in increased vulnerability to heroin addiction. Further studies are needed to validate this association of rs12364283.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ahg.12322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]],"date-time":"2019-04-26T03:38:39Z","timestamp":1556249919000},"page":"367-372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Significant association of\n                    <i>DRD2<\/i>\n                    enhancer variant rs12364283 with heroin addiction in a Pakistani population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Shagufta","family":"Jabeen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia K.","family":"Pinsonneault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Sadee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung\u2010Ha","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Mobeen","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Saqlain","family":"Raja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8362-7137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghazala Kaukab","family":"Raja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-014-0085-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e328320a3fd"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.04.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017840"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.57.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2008.00410.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/499287"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.208"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2144\/03345dd03"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.10.4.515"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19960920)67:5<473::AID-AJMG6>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.11.967"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.6.597"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707106104"}],"container-title":["Annals 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