{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T01:56:06Z","timestamp":1755222966507,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(220740\/Z\/20\/Z)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(220740\/Z\/20\/Z)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Human Genetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dyslipidemia is becoming prevalent in Africa, where malaria is endemic. Observational studies have documented the long\u2010term protective effect of malaria on dyslipidemia; however, these study designs are prone to confounding. Therefore, we used Mendelian randomization (MR, a method robust to confounders and reverse causation) to determine the causal effect of severe malaria (SM) and the recurrence of non\u2010severe malaria (RNM) on lipid traits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed two\u2010sample MR using genome wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for recurrent non\u2010severe malaria (RNM) from a Benin cohort (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0775) and severe malaria from the MalariaGEN dataset (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a017,000) and lipid traits from summary\u2010level data of a meta\u2010analyzed African lipid GWAS (MALG, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a024,215) from the African Partnership for Chronic Disease Research (APCDR) (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a013,612) and the Africa Wits\u2010IN\u2010DEPTH partnership for genomics studies (AWI\u2010Gen) dataset (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010,603).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>No evidence of significant causal association was obtained between RNM and high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL\u2010C), low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL\u2010C), total cholesterol and triglycerides. However, a notable association emerged between severe malarial anaemia (SMA) which is a subtype of severe malaria and reduced HDL\u2010C levels, suggesting a potential subtype\u2010specific effect. Nonetheless, we strongly believe that the small sample size likely affects our estimates, warranting cautious interpretation of these results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings challenge the hypothesis of a broad causal relationship between malaria (both severe and recurrent non\u2010severe forms) and dyslipidemia. The isolated association with SMA highlights an intriguing area for future research. However, we believe that conducting larger studies to investigate the connection between malaria and dyslipidemia in Africa will enhance our ability to better address the burden posed by both diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ahg.12555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T02:28:11Z","timestamp":1710556091000},"page":"178-187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Causal effect of severe and non\u2010severe malaria on dyslipidemia in African Ancestry individuals: A Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7900-4793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariam","family":"Traore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group Medical Research Council \/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and 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