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On week 7 of treatment, 10 of the participants underwent brain scans using [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]raclopride with positron emission tomography to assess smoking\u2010induced dopamine release in the caudate nucleus and putamen, inferred from changes in dopamine D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010type receptor availability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Receptor availability, measured as binding potential referred to non\u2010displaceable uptake (BP<jats:sub>ND<\/jats:sub>) in both striatal regions re\u2010demonstrated a significant decrease after smoking a cigarette; and pre\u2010treatment cigarette use significantly negatively correlated with smoking\u2010induced dopamine release in the caudate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The negative association of cigarette use with dopamine release suggests tolerance or down\u2010regulation of the dopamine system by chronic smoking, or a pre\u2010existing condition that promotes more frequent smoking. This association should be regarded as preliminary evidence that warrants verification. 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