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While preliminary evidence suggests potential benefits of e\u2010cigarette use for those with MI, well\u2010controlled, systematic research examining appeal, correlates, and consequences of e\u2010cigarette use in this vulnerable population is lacking. This review evaluated current knowledge of e\u2010cigarette use and potential for help and\/or harm among adults with MI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The search strategy resulted in <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200988 reports, of which <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099 were deemed relevant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>E\u2010cigarette use is prevalent among those with MI, as is concurrent use of e\u2010cigarettes and combustibles. E\u2010cigarettes appeal to those with MI as a viable alternative to combustible tobacco, and their use does not appear to exacerbate nicotine addiction or psychiatric symptoms. However, the long\u2010term impact of e\u2010cigarette use on combustible tobacco use and other health indices is largely unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rigorous research and improved knowledge regarding risks and benefits of e\u2010cigarette use within this vulnerable population are needed to inform whether special consideration is warranted towards those with MI in developing tobacco control policies and health communications. Recommendations for future e\u2010cigarette research include improved assessment of the following: 1) psychodiagnostic variability, 2) flavor preferences, 3) the longitudinal impact on combustible tobacco use, and 4) impact of tobacco product communications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Scientific Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>As with combustible cigarettes, individuals with MI may display unique e\u2010cigarette use patterns from that of the general population. 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