{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:10:12Z","timestamp":1791825012689,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]],"date-time":"2017-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to traumatic events is common among patients with substance use disorders (SUD). In patients with non\u2010substance\u2010related disorders, especially with gambling disorders (GD) and internet addiction (IA), traumatic childhood experiences have not been investigated extensively. The objective of this study was to compare trauma histories in patients with GD and IA to patients with heroin dependence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional surveys including the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) and clinical data among 107 participants; 59 patients with non\u2010substance\u2010related disorders (GD [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200939]; IA [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920]) were compared to 28 patients prescribed injectable heroin for opioid dependence in heroin\u2010assisted treatment (HAT) and to a healthy control group (HC) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings revealed a high prevalence of trauma exposure in all three clinical groups, with 74.4% of patients with GD, 80.0% of patients with IA, and 93.0% of patients in HAT compared to 40% in HC. All three groups (GD, IA, HAT) reported significantly higher levels of \u201cemotional neglect\u201d compared to HC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Scientific Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results provide clinically relevant information suggesting that the burden of childhood traumatic experiences may be as common in patients with GD and IA as in patients with heroin dependence. These findings could pose an important starting\u2010point for treatment. (Am J Addict 2017;26:215\u2013220)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]],"date-time":"2017-02-27T16:22:44Z","timestamp":1488212564000},"page":"215-220","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Patients with non\u2010substance\u2010related disorders report a similar profile of childhood trauma experiences compared to heroin\u2010dependent patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Philipp V.","family":"Schwaninger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry (UPK) University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra E.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry (UPK) University of Basel Basel 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