{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:34:11Z","timestamp":1792154051174,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,12]],"date-time":"2017-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1059660"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1059660"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent neurobiological evidences along with clinical observations justify the use of N\u2010acetylcysteine (NAC) as a medication for craving. The objective of our study was to assess the evidence of efficacy of NAC for craving in substance use disorders in randomized clinical trials (RCTs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Systematic review of the RCTs literature (PROSPERO number 56698) until February, 2017, using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      . We included seven RCTs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009245); most with small\u2010to\u2010moderate sample sizes. The main outcome was the Hedges\u2019\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      for continuous scores in a random\u2010effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated with the\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and the\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      test. Publication bias was evaluated using the Begg's funnel plot and the Egger's test. Meta\u2010regression was performed using the random\u2010effects model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Comparing NAC versus placebo, NAC was significantly superior for craving symptoms (Hedges\u2019\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.94; 95%CI 0.55\u20131.33). The funnel plot showed the risk of publication bias was low and between\u2010study heterogeneity was not significant (\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200944.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.07 for the\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      test). A subgroup analysis performed using meta\u2010regression showed no particular influence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NAC was superior to placebo for craving reduction in SUDs. The relatively small number of trials and their heterogeneous methodology were possible limitations; however, these positive thrilling results stimulate further studies for clarifying the potential impact of NAC for craving symptoms in SUDs.Scientific Significance: The safety profile of NAC and favorable tolerability, in addition to being an over\u2010the\u2010counter medication, presents with an interesting potential clinical use for craving in SUDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Scientific Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The safety profile of NAC and its favorable tolerability, in addition to being anover\u2010the\u2010counter medication, presents with an interesting potential clinical use for craving in SUDs. (Am J Addict 2017;26:660\u2013666)<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,12]],"date-time":"2017-09-12T12:09:56Z","timestamp":1505218196000},"page":"660-666","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["N\u2010acetylcysteine in the treatment of craving in substance use disorders: Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Michel Silvio","family":"Duailibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Santa Casa School of Medical Sciences  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quirino","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo 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