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The aim of the current study was to characterize the prevalence of nonmedical benzodiazepine use among adults seeking treatment for alcohol use disorder and to examine whether nonmedical benzodiazepine use was associated with: (1) polysubstance use and (2) greater anxiety sensitivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A sample of 461 treatment\u2010seeking adults with alcohol use disorder who were recruited for a cross\u2010sectional study were included in this analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 89 participants (19%) reported nonmedical benzodiazepine use in the previous 30 days. Results of a logistic regression indicated that polysubstance use (number of substances used in the past month) was associated with nonmedical benzodiazepine use. The association between anxiety sensitivity and nonmedical benzodiazepine misuse was moderated by gender; anxiety sensitivity was associated with benzodiazepine use among women, but not men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results replicate findings from research on opioid use disorder suggesting that anxiety sensitivity is associated with nonmedical benzodiazepine use in women and not men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Scientific Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Targeted intervention to those with polysubstance use\u2014including education on overdose risk when benzodiazepines are combined with other substances\u2014is indicated in men and women with alcohol use disorder. Anxiety sensitivity may be a potential therapeutic target to reduce nonmedical benzodiazepine use among women with alcohol use disorder. 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