{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T14:02:14Z","timestamp":1789135334004,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,31]],"date-time":"2019-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Norwegian Center for Addiction Research","award":["204725-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["204725-3"]}]},{"name":"Research Council of Norway and the Western Norway Regional Health Authority","award":["204725-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["204725-3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is presently unclear whether extended\u2010release naltrexone hydrochloride treatment induces pain or aggravates existing pain among individuals with opioid use disorders. We assessed changes in pain among individuals receiving treatment with either extended\u2010release naltrexone hydrochloride or buprenorphine\u2010naloxone hydrochloride.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This randomized prospective open\u2010label clinical study included 143 participants (aged 18\u201360 years) with opioid dependencies, recruited from outpatient addiction clinics at five urban hospitals in Norway. After in\u2010patient detoxification from opioids, patients were randomized to 12\u2010week treatment with either long\u2010acting naltrexone (380\u2009mg intramuscularly injected every four weeks) or buprenorphine\u2010naloxone (flexible 4\u201316\u2009mg sublingual doses daily). This phase was followed by a 9\u2010month open\u2010treatment study with the participant's choice of either naltrexone or buprenorphine\u2010naloxone. Changes in pain were assessed every 4 weeks using the Norwegian Short\u2010Form of McGill Pain Questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Throughout the study period, we found no increase in mean sensory pain, affective pain, or present pain intensity on the McGill Pain Questionnaire, in either treatment group, including the subgroups of participants with chronic pain. Participants who switched from buprenorphine\u2010naloxone to extended\u2010release naltrexone treatment after week 12 reported no increase in pain intensity during longer\u2010term treatment. Women experienced significantly more affective pain symptoms than men (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among individuals with opioid use disorder, switching from daily opioid use to long\u2010acting naltrexone did not induce pain, or aggravate mild\u2010to\u2010moderate chronic pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Scientific Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>In opioid\u2010dependent individuals, mild\u2010to\u2010moderate chronic pain was not influenced by opioid agonist or antagonist treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/Clinicaltrials.gov\">Clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> #NCT01717963, first registered: Oct 28, 2012. Protocol version # 3C, June 12th 2012. (Am J Addict 2018;XX:1\u20139)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,31]],"date-time":"2019-01-31T08:38:47Z","timestamp":1548923927000},"page":"77-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["No increased pain among opioid\u2010dependent individuals treated with extended\u2010release naltrexone or buprenorphine\u2010naloxone: A 3\u2010month randomized study and 9\u2010month open\u2010treatment follow\u2010up study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Zill\u2010e\u2010Huma","family":"Latif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of R&amp;D in Mental Health Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin K.","family":"Solli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of R&amp;D in Mental Health Akershus University 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