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Patients with two <jats:italic>SLC6A3<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>DAT1<\/jats:italic>) rs28363170 10\u2010repeat alleles who have with genetically high dopamine transporter (DAT) levels may benefit from increased dopamine levels resulting from disulfiram treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>After stabilization for 2 weeks on methadone, 70 cocaine and opioid codependent patients were randomized into disulfiram and placebo groups for 12 weeks of treatment. We genotyped the <jats:italic>SLC6A3<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>DAT1)<\/jats:italic> 40 bp 3\u2032\u2010untranslated region variable number tandem repeat variant and evaluated its role in moderating disulfiram efficacy for cocaine dependence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 10,10\u2010repeat genotype group, cocaine\u2010positive urines dropped from 78% to 48% and from 80% to 75% among the 9\u2010repeat carrier group in the disulfiram group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0001, with an effect size of 0.09). No difference was observed in cocaine\u2010positive urines in the placebo group between the 10,10\u2010repeat genotype and the 9\u2010allele carrier patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Scientific Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that patients with genetically higher DAT levels had better treatment outcomes with disulfiram pharmacotherapy of cocaine dependence than those with lower DAT levels. (Am J Addict 2019;28:311\u2013317)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T15:05:21Z","timestamp":1557846321000},"page":"311-317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Pharmacogenetic Role of <i>Dopamine Transporter<\/i> (<i>SLC6A3<\/i>) Variation on Response to Disulfiram Treatment for Cocaine Addiction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"June P.","family":"Kampangkaew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas"},{"name":"Michael E. DeBakey V.A. 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