{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:33:16Z","timestamp":1774917196354,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01DA038800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01DA038800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA044207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA044207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lean (a.k.a.: Sizzurp, Purple Drank) is a recreational beverage that commonly contains codeine cough syrup. Despite its popularization in the hip\u2010hop music scene, few epidemiologic studies have examined use. This study examined prevalence and correlates of use among a population at high\u2010risk for drug use\u2014electronic dance music (EDM) party attendees.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1029 EDM party attendees (ages 18\u201040) were surveyed in New York City in 2018 using time\u2010space sampling. Prevalence and correlates of use of Lean were estimated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An estimated 15.5% of attendees have ever used Lean, and 3.4% of attendees have used in the past year. Only an estimated 0.2% have used in the past month, but 14.2% would use in the next month if offered by a friend. Three\u2010quarters (75.4%) of users believed their Lean ever contained codeine and 32.4% believed it always or usually contained codeine. Past\u2010year use was strongly associated with past\u2010year nonmedical prescription opioid use (adjusted odds ratio\u2009=\u200910.77, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003), but not past\u2010year use of other illegal drugs. Attendees who are black or bisexual are at higher odds for past\u2010year use, and those with a college degree or higher are at lower odds for past\u2010year use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>While use of Lean is not as prevalent as use of various other drugs (eg, ecstasy) in this high\u2010risk population, over a tenth have tried it and\/or are willing to use it if offered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Scientific Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevention efforts need to target potential users as frequent use of beverages containing codeine products can lead to dependence. 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