{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T16:27:33Z","timestamp":1777048053033,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>No medication has Food and Drug Administration approval for cannabis use disorder (CUD), and most medication development focuses on the withdrawal syndrome. We evaluated the effects of short\u2010term treatment using the \u03b1\u20102A\u2010adrenergic receptor agonist, guanfacine, on withdrawal symptoms in volunteers with CUD and a history of early onset of cannabis use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010treatment\u2010seeking healthy volunteers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097) who met the <jats:italic>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition<\/jats:italic> criteria for CUD participated in a two\u2010phase, within\u2010subjects study. Volunteers received placebo or guanfacine (3\u2009mg\/day) for the first 8\u2010day inpatient study and the alternative medication for the second 8\u2010day inpatient study. On day 1 of both treatment periods, participants received 30\u2009mg of synthetic \u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol for standardization of abstinence onset. On days 2 to 7, participants received study medication. Cannabis withdrawal symptoms, sleep, craving, and physiology were assessed on all inpatient days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with placebo, guanfacine did not show significant effects on withdrawal, craving, or sleep, although there were trends for guanfacine to increase positive mood symptoms and decrease craving\u2010associated compulsivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with former studies, we could not prove significant improvement in sleep or decrease of negative symptoms, but we found trends for increased positive mood symptoms. Our data did not show significant effects of guanfacine on withdrawal symptoms or craving. Due to early and longer cannabis use, our subjects indicate a great severity of illness increasing the likelihood of treatment resistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Scientific Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>On the basis of trends demonstrated here and other lines of evidence, further investigation is warranted regarding the utility of guanfacine as a potential treatment for CUD. (Am J Addict 2019;00:1\u201310)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T15:22:49Z","timestamp":1567610569000},"page":"455-464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Use of Guanfacine for Cannabis Use Disorder and Related Symptomology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4548-7433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Holst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center &amp; Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Mathai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Michael E. 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