{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T19:29:33Z","timestamp":1777577373622,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]],"date-time":"2019-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000038","name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FDABAA17000123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDABAA17000123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA039169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA039169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54DA037842"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54DA037842"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective analysis of data from heroin users screening for clinical research, sought to determine if more naloxone is needed to precipitate opioid withdrawal among those who regularly use heroin with fentanyl, as opposed to those who use heroin without fentanyl.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over the course of three to five screening visits, participants completed assessments of drug use, along with urine toxicology tests at each visit. To test for opioid dependence, 29 participants completed a modified Wang test (score: 0\u2010150) during which an intramuscular dose of naloxone (0.2\u20100.4\u2009mg) was administered and the severity of withdrawal was quantified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The severity of opioid withdrawal was compared between individuals whose urine toxicology regularly tested positive for fentanyl (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915), and those only positive for other opioids (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914). No significant differences were found in demographic or drug use between the fentanyl\u2010positive (mean: age 41.1 years, 9.1\u2009bags heroin\/d) and fentanyl\u2010negative (42.0 years, 10.0\u2009bags heroin\/d) groups. Intramuscular naloxone\u2010precipitated robust withdrawal in both samples (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01) with no significant difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.8) in the severity (fentanyl positive [100.6\u2009\u00b1\u200913.4]; fentanyl negative [82.7\u2009\u00b1\u20099.6]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Scientific Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data suggest that a standard naloxone dose can be equally effective at precipitating withdrawal in individuals using heroin with fentanyl compared to heroin without fentanyl. These data contribute to our understanding of how naloxone antagonizes the effects of fentanyl and may have significant implications for the clinical laboratory and opioid overdose. A prospective clinical laboratory study with the proper opioid maintenance controls is needed to provide a more definitive finding. (Am J Addict 2019;00:00\u201300)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]],"date-time":"2019-11-29T12:13:51Z","timestamp":1575029631000},"page":"51-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Naloxone\u2010Induced Withdrawal in Individuals With and Without Fentanyl\u2010Positive Urine Samples"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4476-2800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jermaine D.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division on Substance Use Disorders New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elliana","family":"Sherwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division on Substance Use Disorders New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suky","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division on Substance Use Disorders New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons New York New York"},{"name":"Translational Research Training Program in Addiction, City College of New York New York New York"},{"name":"Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology Adelphi University Garden City New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra D.","family":"Comer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division on Substance Use Disorders New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1974164653"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(78)90014-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2018.1508789"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO guidelines for psychosocially assisted pharmacological treatment of persons dependent on opioids. 2007.https:\/\/www.who.int\/substance_abuse\/activities\/treatment_opioid_dependence\/en\/. Accessed 5 December 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"Providers' Clinical Support System. XR\u2010Naltrexone: a step\u2010by\u2010step guide. 2017.http:\/\/pcssnow.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Naltrexone_Step\u2010by\u2010Step_Virtual_Brochure\u20101.pdf. Accessed 1 February 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00952998908993405"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Health Alert Network. Increases in fentanyl drug confiscations and fentanyl\u2010related overdose fatalities. 2015.https:\/\/emergency.cdc.gov\/han\/han00384.asp. Accessed 18 November 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.01.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. Version 25.0","author":"IBM Corp","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6533a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6634a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Legal Interventions to Reduce Overdose Mortality: Naloxone Access and Overdose Good Samaritan Laws","author":"Davis C","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15360288.2015.1037530"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1401"}],"container-title":["The American Journal on Addictions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajad.12979","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ajad.12979","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajad.12979","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T16:03:50Z","timestamp":1694189030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ajad.12979"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ajad.12979"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajad.12979","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-0496","1521-0391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-0496","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-0391","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-07-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}