{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T11:32:27Z","timestamp":1781782347193,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment guidelines emphasize patients\u2019 readiness for transitioning from opiate substitution treatment (OST) to opiate withdrawal and abstinence. Psychological preparedness indicators for this transition were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients (all male) were recruited from three treatment settings: prison, an inpatient detoxification unit, and an outpatient clinic. Time 1 (T1) was admission to methadone\u2010assisted withdrawal in all settings. Time 2 (T2) was a 6\u2010month follow\u2010up. With <jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u200924 at T1 for each group (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200972), a battery of instruments relevant to psychological preparedness was administered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At T1, inpatients had higher self\u2010efficacy beliefs for successful treatment completion than prison patients. For patients contactable at T2, T1 self\u2010efficacy positively predicted T2 opiate abstinence. No other variable improved prediction. T1 SOCRATES (Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale) ambivalence scores, age, and lifetime heroin use duration predicted maintenance of contact or not with treatment services and contactability by the researcher. Measures of mood did not differ between groups at T1 or predict T2 outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010efficacy beliefs are a potentially useful indicator of readiness for transitioning from OST to a medically assisted opiate withdrawal and subsequent abstinence. Ambivalence regarding change, age, and lifetime heroin use duration are potentially useful predictors of patients maintaining contact with services, and of being retained in research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Scientific Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings advance existing literature and knowledge by highlighting the importance of self\u2010efficacy in psychological preparedness for opiate abstinence, and the predictive utility to clinicians of this and other variables measurable at admission, in the clinical management of opiate users. (\u00a9 2020 The Authors. <jats:italic>The American Journal on Addictions<\/jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry). (Am J Addict 2021;30:11\u201320)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.13062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T07:36:51Z","timestamp":1589873811000},"page":"11-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Methadone\u2010Assisted Opiate Withdrawal and Subsequent Heroin Abstinence: The Importance of Psychological Preparedness"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0898-7789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steve","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Faculty of Health, Social Care, and Medicine, Edge Hill University Ormskirk UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Jack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Practice Research Centre Faculty of Health, Social Care, and Medicine, Edge Hill University Ormskirk UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Social Care, and Medicine, Edge Hill University Ormskirk UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0231-7282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas L.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Social Sciences De Montford University  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7478-2170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip N.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Edge Hill University  Ormskirk UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2003.10400007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-017-9782-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-013-0111-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14659890600708266"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"Drug Misuse and Dependence: UK Guidelines on Clinical Management","author":"Department of Health (England) and Devolved Administrations","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"2017 Department of Health London Clinical Guidelines on Drug Misuse and Dependence Update 2017 Independent Expert Working Group Drug misuse and dependence: UK guidelines on clinical management"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"House of Commons. 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