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This study compared mental and behavioral health risk factors associated with the current dual use of e\u2010cigarettes and conventional tobacco cigarettes with current exclusive users of tobacco cigarettes and nonusers of either e\u2010cigarettes or tobacco cigarettes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the 2016 National Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were analyzed (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009277,034). Current dual use was defined as the current use of tobacco cigarettes and the use of e\u2010cigarettes, everyday or some days. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between dual use and mental and behavioral health risks compared with exclusive tobacco cigarette users and nonusers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with nonusers, current dual use was associated with increased odds of having more than 14 days of self\u2010reported poor physical health (adjusted odd ratio [AOR], 1.9; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01), more than 14 days of self\u2010reported poor mental health (AOR, 1.8; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01), a diagnosis of depression (AOR, 2.2; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001); using smokeless tobacco products (AOR, 1.6; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05), alcohol use (AOR, 1.6; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01), and marijuana use (AOR, 8.3; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) than current exclusive users of tobacco cigarettes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Scientific Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The concurrent use of e\u2010cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes is associated with increased odds of having behavioral and mental health problems. These findings may be indicative of increased health risks associated with dual use, compared with the exclusive use of tobacco cigarettes, and have important implications for public health interventions and policies aimed at mitigating health risk behaviors. 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