{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T09:35:44Z","timestamp":1772184944693,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]],"date-time":"2020-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA032082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA032082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous findings on the association between hazardous drinking and HIV\u2010risk behavior have been equivocal, varying by population and individual difference factors. This study examined associations between hazardous drinking, impulsivity, and HIV\u2010risk behaviors among HIV\u2010positive Russian patients with a history of injection drug use (IDU), not on antiretroviral therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Negative binomial regression analyses of data from a randomized controlled trial were performed (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009241). Main independent variables were the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Outcomes were number of condomless sexual episodes (CSE; primary), number of sexual partners, and needle\u2010sharing frequency (secondary).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hazardous drinking was positively associated with the frequency of CSE (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR]\u2009=\u20092.16, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.98\u20102.36). Moderate (aIRR\u2009=\u20090.51, 95% CI, 0.46\u20100.56) and high (aIRR\u2009=\u20090.66, 95% CI, 0.60\u20100.73) impulsivity were associated with fewer CSE compared with low impulsivity. Hazardous drinking (aIRR\u2009=\u20090.64, 95% CI, 0.52\u20100.79) and impulsivity (aIRR\u2009=\u20090.95, 95% CI, 0.94\u20100.96) were both associated with fewer sexual partners. Hazardous drinking and impulsivity were each associated with increased needle sharing. The association between hazardous drinking and number of needle\u2010shares was strongest at higher impulsivity levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and Scientific significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hazardous drinking may be a risk factor for CSE among HIV\u2010positive Russian patients and may influence needle sharing. Findings contribute to our understanding of the interactive associations between hazardous drinking and impulsivity with sexual risk behaviors and needle sharing among HIV\u2010positive Russian patients with a history of IDU. 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