{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:08:34Z","timestamp":1789103314619,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["204725\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["204725\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004257","name":"Helse Vest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004257","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compare the risk of relapse to heroin and other illicit opioids among opioid\u2010dependent patients receiving treatment with extended\u2010release naltrexone (XR\u2010NTX) or buprenorphine\u2010naloxone (BP\u2010NLX).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Re\u2010analyzed data from a 12\u2010week multicenter, open\u2010label, randomized treatment study with a subsequent 36\u2010week open\u2010label follow\u2010up study. All patients, N\u2009=\u2009143, had completed detoxification and received at least one dose of study medication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 143 patients (72% men), mean age 36 years, 71 received XR\u2010NTX and 72 BP\u2010NLX. The risk of first relapse and the risk of any relapse to heroin and other illicit opioids were both significantly lower in the XR\u2010NTX group compared with the BP\u2010NLX group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28\u20100.76; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002, and HR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.04\u20100.29; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, respectively) and (HR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.09\u20100.27; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001 and HR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.03\u20100.09; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, respectively). There was a stable low risk of relapse among participants receiving XR\u2010NTX in the follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to BP\u2010NLX, patients on XR\u2010NTX had a substantially reduced risk of relapse to illicit opioids and showed a stable low risk of relapse over time in longer\u2010term treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Scientific Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data support XR\u2010NTX as a first\u2010line treatment option for patients with opioid addiction both in short and longer\u2010term treatment. This is the first European study showing that XR\u2010NTX significantly reduces the risk of first and any relapse to heroin use in opioid\u2010dependent patients compared to BP\u2010NLX. Our data contradict previous data from the X:BOT study, showing no significant difference in relapse risk between the groups in a 6\u2010month randomised controlled trial. (\u00a9 2021 Authors. <jats:italic>The American Journal on Addictions<\/jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry). (Am J Addict 2021;30:451\u2013458)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.13151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T13:09:58Z","timestamp":1630933798000},"page":"453-460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Risk of Relapse Among Opioid\u2010Dependent Patients Treated With Extended\u2010Release Naltrexone or Buprenorphine\u2010Naloxone: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7949-2308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arild","family":"Opheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addiction Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanna","family":"Gaulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addiction Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Dentistry University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin Klemmetsby","family":"Solli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Research and Development in Mental Health Services University Hospital Lorenskog Norway"},{"name":"Vestfold Hospital Trust Tonsberg Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zill\u2010e\u2010Huma","family":"Latif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groruddalen Psychosis Outpatient Department Akershus University Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars T.","family":"Fadnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addiction Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u016brat\u0117 \u0160altyt\u0117","family":"Benth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Health Services Research Unit Akershus University Hospital Lorenskog Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaj","family":"Kun\u00f8e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Tanum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development in Mental Health Services University Hospital Lorenskog Norway"},{"name":"Faculty for Health Science Oslo Metropolitan University Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1402780"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198835030-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60358-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.055319"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.3206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32812-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-016-0061-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0357-5_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM\u2010IV. 4th ed. 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