{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:07:11Z","timestamp":1790680031579,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nitrous oxide (N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) has euphoric properties, which are associated with an alarming increasing misuse. A lack of data exists regarding medical students. The objectives are: (i) evaluate the prevalence of N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O use and N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O use disorder (NUD) among French medical students, (ii) assess whether education about addictions has an impact on consumption, (iii) draw up clinical profiles of N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O users with or without NUD, (iv) identify factors associated with use and NUD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study among medical students at Universit\u00e9 de Paris, using an online questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of the 981 medical students (29% of the total medical students) who completed the questionnaire, 80% had used N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O. 19% had a mild use disorder, 4% moderate, and 1% severe. N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O use was significantly associated with the use of poppers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0005), alcohol (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0005), and cocaine (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.004). Factors significantly associated with NUD were alcohol use disorder (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.017), male gender (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.006), and being part of a student association (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0130).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This survey shows a high prevalence of N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O use and NUD among medical students. It could be explained by the N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O pharmacokinetic profile or by a perception of \u201charmlessness.\u201d\u00a0We also identified associated risk factors that may be useful to better identify and treat students seeking help.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Scientific Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first study to evaluate the use of this product among medical students. The evaluation of factors impacting use and dependence is also new in this population, which is at risk of misuse of substances.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.13363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T13:19:14Z","timestamp":1669123154000},"page":"60-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A cross\u2010sectional study: Nitrous oxide abuse in Parisian medical students"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6589-3394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laury","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de psychiatrie et d'addictologie AP\u2010HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, H\u00f4pital Bichat  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Duroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de psychiatrie et d'addictologie AP\u2010HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, H\u00f4pital Bichat  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Perozziello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry GHU Paris\u2010Psychiatry &amp; Neurosciences  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrien","family":"Sasportes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strategy and Business Policy Department HEC Paris  Jouy\u2010en\u2010Josas France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Lejoyeux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de psychiatrie et d'addictologie AP\u2010HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, H\u00f4pital Bichat  Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry GHU Paris\u2010Psychiatry &amp; Neurosciences  Paris France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, NeuroDiderot  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre A.","family":"Geoffroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de psychiatrie et d'addictologie AP\u2010HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, H\u00f4pital Bichat  Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry GHU Paris\u2010Psychiatry &amp; Neurosciences  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Observations on different kinds of air","volume":"62","author":"Priestley J","year":"1774","journal-title":"Phil Trans R Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3182a771ea"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.116778"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31128\/AJGP-10-20-5668"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2015.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12372"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116632375"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"WinstockAR MaierLJ Ferris\u00a0JA BarrattMJ. 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