{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:58:11Z","timestamp":1790708291467,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01DA053391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01DA053391"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32DA035165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DA035165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1DA013035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1DA013035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To inform clinical practice, we identified subgroups of adults based on levels of depression symptomatology over time during opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were 474 adults in a 24\u2010week treatment trial for OUD. Depression symptoms were measured using the 17\u2010item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM\u2010D) at nine\u2010time\u00a0points. This was a secondary analysis of the Clinical Trials Network Extended\u2010Release Naltrexone versus Buprenorphine for Opioid Treatment (XBOT) trial using a growth mixture model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three distinct depression trajectories were identified: Class 1 High Recurring\u201410% with high HAM\u2010D with initial partial reductions (of HAM\u2010D across time), Class 2 Persistently High\u20145% with persistently high HAM\u2010D, and Class 3 Low Declining\u201485% of the participants, with low HAM\u2010D with early sustained reductions. The majority (low declining) had levels of depression that improved in the first 4 weeks and then stabilized across the treatment period. In contrast, 15% (high recurring and persistently high) had high initial levels that were more variable across time. The persistently high class had higher rates of opioid relapse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this OUD sample, most depressive symptomatology was mild and improved after medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Smaller subgroups had higher depressive symptoms that persisted or recurred after the initiation of MOUD. Depressive symptoms should be followed in patients initiating treatment for OUD, and when persistent, should prompt further evaluation and consideration of antidepressant treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Scientific Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is the first to identify three distinct depression trajectories among a large clinical sample of individuals in MOUD treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.13371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T13:45:22Z","timestamp":1673876722000},"page":"291-300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Trajectories of depression among patients in treatment for opioid use disorder: A growth mixture model secondary analysis of the XBOT trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8014-9726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noel","family":"Vest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Wenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Maryland Treatment Centers\/Mountain Manor Treatment Center Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tse\u2010Hwei","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Columbia University New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Pavlicova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Columbia University New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Rotrosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2055-3425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Columbia University New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Fishman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Maryland Treatment Centers\/Mountain Manor Treatment Center Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 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