{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T03:10:58Z","timestamp":1769310658072,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000102","name":"Health Resources and Services Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in primary care includes a combination of medication, behavioral therapy, and\/or other psychosocial services. This study assessed rates of colocation between waivered prescribers and behavioral health clinicians across the United States to understand if rates varied by provider type and geographic indicators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the DEA\u2010Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 provider list as of March 2022 and the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System's National Provider Identifier database were gathered, cleaned, and formatted in Stata. Data were geocoded with ESRI StreetMap\u00ae database and ArcGIS software. Covariates at individual, county, and state levels were examined and compared. Chi\u2010square statistics and a mixed\u2010effects logistic regression were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sample (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200971, 292 prescribers) included physicians (64%), nurse practitioners (29%), and physician assistants (7%). About 48% of prescribers were colocated with a behavioral health clinician. Physicians were the least likely to be colocated (47%), but differences between provider types were modest. We observed significant geographic differences in provider colocation by provider type. Mixed effects logistic regression identified significant predictors of colocation at individual, county, and state levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Optimally distributing the workforce providing MOUD is necessary to broadly ensure the provision of comprehensive MOUD care based on practice guidelines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Scientific Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Less than half of all waivered prescribers, outside of hospitals, are colocated with behavioral health clinicians. Findings offer greater clarity on where integrated MOUD is occurring, among which types of providers, and where it needs to be expanded to increase MOUD uptake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.13462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T05:16:49Z","timestamp":1691644609000},"page":"574-583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Are DEA\u2010waivered buprenorphine prescribers colocated with behavioral health clinicians?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4436-4407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa de Saxe","family":"Zerden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, UNC Behavioral Health Workforce Research Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Connor","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, UNC Behavioral Health Workforce Research Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Galloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, UNC Behavioral Health Workforce Research Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica L.","family":"Richman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, UNC Behavioral Health Workforce Research Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria G.","family":"Gaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, UNC Behavioral Health Workforce Research Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brianna","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, UNC Behavioral Health Workforce Research Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, School of Social Work, Cecil G. 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