{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T18:42:14Z","timestamp":1780512134557,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]],"date-time":"2023-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008460","name":"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AT009156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AT009156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of cocaine use has increased in the United States, with an estimated 5.5 million people have used it at least once in 2019. We report trends in cocaine use for reproductive age females who participated in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH, 2005\u20132019).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interviewers for NSDUH recruited and assessed a representative sample of the US noninstitutionalized population. The prevalence of cocaine use was estimated annually for females (15\u201344 years; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009295,751). Joinpoint regression was then used to test for significant changes in trends.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately 2.4% of females (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098136) reported past 12\u2010month cocaine use. Joinpoint regression revealed an initial decline in cocaine use prevalence between 2005 and 2011, followed by a robust increase (2011\u20132019 annual percent change\u2009=\u20095.2; 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20092.6, 7.8%). This nonlinear trend was observed for all subgroups, except for adolescent and pregnant females for whom a decrease in cocaine use prevalence was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the prevalence of cocaine use remains scarce among US females, the uptake in use after a period of initial decline is concerning, highlighting the need for continued public health awareness and action.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Scientific Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cocaine use among females of reproductive age is particularly concerning given the increased likelihood of transitioning to disordered use and the risk of use during pregnancy. Previous studies have not reported cocaine use estimates specific to reproductive age females or only reported co\u2010drug use patterns, without detail of specific cocaine use trends.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.13502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]],"date-time":"2023-11-04T09:53:56Z","timestamp":1699091636000},"page":"313-319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Trends in cocaine use among United States females of reproductive age, 2005\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Madelyn","family":"Orndorff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Human Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayle M.","family":"Shipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Stewart Mott Department of Public Health, College of Human 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