{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T07:23:18Z","timestamp":1790234598381,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG3\/UH3 OD023285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3 OD023285"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011822","name":"Michigan Health Endowment Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G\u20101608\u2010140432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G\u20101608\u2010140432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011822","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011822","name":"Michigan Health Endowment Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R\u20101605\u2010140007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R\u20101605\u2010140007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011822","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010518","name":"College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["The Graduate School Dissertation Completion Fellow"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["The Graduate School Dissertation Completion Fellow"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010518","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008460","name":"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00AT009156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00AT009156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25DA051249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25DA051249"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R36DA054487"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R36DA054487"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prenatal cannabis use prevalence in the United States has increased. Relaxation of state\u2010level cannabis policy may be contributing to the diminished risk perception of using cannabis. The main psychoactive constituent of cannabis, delta\u20109\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol, crosses the placenta, interacting with functional cannabinoid receptors in the fetus. Here, we assess the association between prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) and a set of birth outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using the Michigan Archive for Research on Child Health, a prospective pregnancy cohort, we linked prenatal survey data with neonatal data from state\u2010archived birth records. Recruitment occurred in 23 clinics across Michigan. Pregnant participants with live birth records between October 2017 and January 2022, after exclusion for missing data on cannabis use, birth outcomes, and covariates, were included in the final analytic sample (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009584). Analyses involved generalized linear models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An estimated 15% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12%, 18%) of participants reported using cannabis during pregnancy. Covariate\u2010adjusted models revealed an association between PCE and birth size (<jats:italic>\u00df\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u2009\u22120.3; 95% CI: \u22120.5, \u22120.003).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings suggest a relationship between PCE and smaller birth size. Clinicians should follow guidelines outlined by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists when counseling pregnant patients on cannabis use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Scientific Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>We detected a significant association between PCE and birth size. Most studies focus only on the extremes of birth size, however, use of <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores allow for assessment of the sex\u2010specific birth weight\u2010for\u2010gestational age distribution, increasing the accuracy of detecting an effect of cannabis exposure on birth size.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.13650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T11:30:02Z","timestamp":1725535802000},"page":"21-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Estimating the effects of prenatal cannabis exposure on birth outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0971-1485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa","family":"Vanderziel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Policy &amp; Health Services Research Henry Ford Health Detroit Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Barondess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean M.","family":"Kerver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5968-0245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omayma","family":"Alshaarawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","article-title":"Marijuana use during pregnancy and lactation","volume":"130","author":"The American College of Obstetricians and Gynocologists","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.7982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2022.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Congressional Research Service. The evolution of marijuana as a controlled substance and the federal\u2010state policy gap. 2022.https:\/\/crsreports.congress.gov\/product\/pdf\/R\/R44782"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"603","article-title":"A comprehensive review of cannabis potency in the United States in the last decade","volume":"6","author":"ElSohly MA","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Psych Cognit Neurosci Neuroima"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.106082"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.18612"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13380"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-016-0085-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids","author":"Klimkiewicz A","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0939"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181bfa8ee"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.8734"},{"issue":"212","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"146","article-title":"Marijuana use during pregnancy and preterm birth: a prospective cohort study","volume":"38","author":"Klebanoff MA","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.05.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.45653"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2022.0262"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntw228"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2010.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2013-202934"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349109007877"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.21146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2011.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-020-0643-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03371-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","unstructured":"KerverJ PanethN BaroneC FussmanC ElliottM Ruden D.Child Health Advances from Research with Mothers.About CHARM.2020.https:\/\/charmstudy.epibio.msu.edu\/researchers\/sub-study"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3285"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-015-0028-8"},{"issue":"126","key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Committee opinion: the apgar score","volume":"4","author":"The American College of Obstetricians and Gynocologists","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1911-3326"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2019-0422"}],"container-title":["The American Journal on Addictions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajad.13650","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T12:27:07Z","timestamp":1735302427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ajad.13650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ajad.13650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajad.13650","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-0496","1521-0391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-0496","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-0391","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}